(Donate to SETI@home at: http://setiathome.berkeley.edu/donate.php)
（通过http://setiathome.berkeley.edu/donate.php捐助SETI@home项目）
Dear xxx.
尊敬的xxx，
SETI@home needs your help. The SETI@home team has accomplished much in the past 6 months. We have successfully deployed the "enhanced" version of SETI@home. The new seven beam data recorder has been installed at Arecibo (the world's largest radio telescope) and is recording the data that will be analyzed in the next phase of SETI@home.
SETI@home需要你的帮助。在过去的六个月中，SETI@home团队完成了许多工作。我们成功地配置了SETI@home"加强"版。我们在阿雷西博望远镜(世界最大的射电望远镜)上安装了七个新的无线电波数据记录仪，它们将在SETI@home项目的下一阶段中记录数据。
But there is still far more to be done. We would like to be able to sift through the results returned by your computers in order to identify candidates more rapidly so we can re-observe them. This rapid response validation system would also give you the ability to see the results your computers have/has returned in more detail.
但是能做到的远不止这些。我们希望可以详细分析你们的计算机反馈的结果，以便可以更迅速地鉴别出可能的（地外文明），以便我们继续观测。这个快速反馈系统还会让您有能力看到你们计算机运算出的更详细的结果。
To keep SETI@home operating for the next year, and to provide these new capabilities, will require approximately $540,000. Currently SETI@home is entirely funded by donations from people like you.
为了维持SETI@home明年的运转，并提供这些新特性，我们大约需要54万美元。目前SETI@home的资金来源完全来自像您一样的人的捐助。
We hope that you will consider making a donation to SETI@home at this time. You can make a secure donation by credit card on our website(http://setiathome.berkeley.edu/donate.php). Instructions for donation by check or money order are there as well. Unless you specify otherwise, your donation will be noted by a star icon next to your username on the SETI@home pages and your username will appear on our list of donors. If you do not wish to have this recognition you may indicate that as well.
我们希望您能考虑这次能够为SETI@home提供捐助。你可以通过我们的网站（http://setiathome.berkeley.edu/donate.php）用信用卡安全地进行捐助。您可以用支票或者现金捐助我们。如果您捐款了，除非您另有要求，否则您在SETI@home网页的用户名旁边会出现一个星形图标，您的用户名也会出现在捐助人名录中。如果您不希望别人知道您进行了捐款，尽请告诉我们。
You can check on our fundraising progress by visiting our main site at http://setiathome.berkeley.edu.
您可以通过浏览我们的主站http://setiathome.berkeley.edu核查我们的筹款进展。
Thank you for helping the search for ET, and for considering a donation to SETI@home.
感谢您帮助搜索地外文明，也感谢您考虑为SETI@home项目捐款。
Sincerely,
谨启，
您真诚的
Sir Arthur C. Clarke (Author and Futurist)
亚瑟·C·克拉克爵士（作家/未来学家）
Dan Werthimer (Chief Scientist, SETI@home)
丹·维塞默尔（SETI@home项目首席科学家）
For more information about how to donate:
了解详细的捐款方式，请浏览
http://setiathome.berkeley.edu/donate.php
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2006年12月12日星期二
2006年6月23日星期五
美联社：冥王星新发现的卫星定名为尼克斯和许德拉
Pluto's newly found moons named Nix, Hydra
冥王星新发现的卫星定名为尼克斯和许德拉
By ALICIA CHANG, AP Science Writer
LOS ANGELES - Meet the newest kids in the solar system: Nix and Hydra. The pair of moons orbiting Pluto were officially christened last week by the International Astronomical Union, which is in charge of approving celestial names.
美联社洛杉矶电 - 认识一下太阳系新来的两个小兄弟吧，他们的名字叫尼克斯(Nix)和许德拉(Hydra)。上周，国际天文学联合会正式确定了这两颗冥王星的卫星的名字。
Until last year, scientists thought Pluto was accompanied by only one moon, Charon. But the Hubble Space Telescope spotted the two satellites — more than twice as far away as Charon and many times fainter.
直到去年，科学家还认为冥王星只有一颗卫星卡戎。但是哈勃太空望远镜发现了两颗冥王星的新卫星。这两颗卫星比卡戎远两倍多，也比卡戎暗得多。
The duo had been known by the tongue-twisting names S/2005 P 2 and S/2005 P 1. Earlier this year, the moons' discoverers, led by Alan Stern of the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colo., submitted their choices to the IAU.
这两颗卫星临时命名为S/2005 P2和S/2005 P1。一年前，卫星的发现者，阿兰·斯特恩领导的西南研究院科罗拉多州波德分院的团队将他们的命名递交给了国际天文学联合会。
The names, with roots in Greek mythology, were selected in part because their first letters, "N" and "H," were a tribute to the New Horizons spacecraft, Stern said Wednesday.
斯特恩星期三表示，这两个命名都源于希腊神话，其首字母分别为N和H，是献给新视野号探测器(New Horizons)的礼物。
New Horizons blasted off earlier this year on a nine-year mission to study Pluto, the last unexplored planet in the solar system. Stern is the mission's principal investigator.
新视野好今年早些时候发射升空，开始了其长达9年的冥王星之旅。新视野号将对这颗太阳系里唯一没有被探测过的大行星进行观测。斯特恩是这个项目的主要研究人员。
Nix was originally spelled "Nyx" by Stern's group. Nyx is the Greek goddess of darkness and Hydra is the nine-headed serpent that guarded the underworld. Pluto is the Roman god of the underworld.
根据斯特恩团队递交的申请，尼克斯(Nix)最初的拼法是Nyx。尼克斯(Nyx)是希腊的黑暗女神，而许德拉(Hydra)则是看守冥界的九头蛇怪。冥王星是以罗马神话中的冥王Pluto命名的。
But since a near-Earth object was already called Nyx, the IAU decided to tweak the spelling to "Nix" to avoid confusion.
但是由于已经有一个近地天体被命名为Nyx，所以国际天文学联合会决定更换拼法，使用Nix这个名字。
Stern said he wasn't disappointed by the spelling change because the pronunciation and significance of the names were still intact.
斯特恩说，对于拼写的变更，他并不失望，因为发音没有变化，而且名字的象征意义也没有发生变化。
"The joke was that they nixed Nyx," Stern said.
斯特恩说：“他们不用尼克斯。”（英语的谐音笑话，nixed和Nyx发音类似）
This summer, the IAU will debate whether Pluto should remain a planet. The discovery of an icy object slightly larger than Pluto in the Kuiper Belt last year reinvigorated the argument over whether to demote Pluto or add other planets.
今年夏天，国际天文学联合会将决定是否仍旧把冥王星视为大行星。去年在柯伊柏带发现了一颗比冥王星略大的天体，这引发了是给冥王星降级还是承认新发现的天体是大行星的争论。
冥王星新发现的卫星定名为尼克斯和许德拉
By ALICIA CHANG, AP Science Writer
LOS ANGELES - Meet the newest kids in the solar system: Nix and Hydra. The pair of moons orbiting Pluto were officially christened last week by the International Astronomical Union, which is in charge of approving celestial names.
美联社洛杉矶电 - 认识一下太阳系新来的两个小兄弟吧，他们的名字叫尼克斯(Nix)和许德拉(Hydra)。上周，国际天文学联合会正式确定了这两颗冥王星的卫星的名字。
Until last year, scientists thought Pluto was accompanied by only one moon, Charon. But the Hubble Space Telescope spotted the two satellites — more than twice as far away as Charon and many times fainter.
直到去年，科学家还认为冥王星只有一颗卫星卡戎。但是哈勃太空望远镜发现了两颗冥王星的新卫星。这两颗卫星比卡戎远两倍多，也比卡戎暗得多。
The duo had been known by the tongue-twisting names S/2005 P 2 and S/2005 P 1. Earlier this year, the moons' discoverers, led by Alan Stern of the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colo., submitted their choices to the IAU.
这两颗卫星临时命名为S/2005 P2和S/2005 P1。一年前，卫星的发现者，阿兰·斯特恩领导的西南研究院科罗拉多州波德分院的团队将他们的命名递交给了国际天文学联合会。
The names, with roots in Greek mythology, were selected in part because their first letters, "N" and "H," were a tribute to the New Horizons spacecraft, Stern said Wednesday.
斯特恩星期三表示，这两个命名都源于希腊神话，其首字母分别为N和H，是献给新视野号探测器(New Horizons)的礼物。
New Horizons blasted off earlier this year on a nine-year mission to study Pluto, the last unexplored planet in the solar system. Stern is the mission's principal investigator.
新视野好今年早些时候发射升空，开始了其长达9年的冥王星之旅。新视野号将对这颗太阳系里唯一没有被探测过的大行星进行观测。斯特恩是这个项目的主要研究人员。
Nix was originally spelled "Nyx" by Stern's group. Nyx is the Greek goddess of darkness and Hydra is the nine-headed serpent that guarded the underworld. Pluto is the Roman god of the underworld.
根据斯特恩团队递交的申请，尼克斯(Nix)最初的拼法是Nyx。尼克斯(Nyx)是希腊的黑暗女神，而许德拉(Hydra)则是看守冥界的九头蛇怪。冥王星是以罗马神话中的冥王Pluto命名的。
But since a near-Earth object was already called Nyx, the IAU decided to tweak the spelling to "Nix" to avoid confusion.
但是由于已经有一个近地天体被命名为Nyx，所以国际天文学联合会决定更换拼法，使用Nix这个名字。
Stern said he wasn't disappointed by the spelling change because the pronunciation and significance of the names were still intact.
斯特恩说，对于拼写的变更，他并不失望，因为发音没有变化，而且名字的象征意义也没有发生变化。
"The joke was that they nixed Nyx," Stern said.
斯特恩说：“他们不用尼克斯。”（英语的谐音笑话，nixed和Nyx发音类似）
This summer, the IAU will debate whether Pluto should remain a planet. The discovery of an icy object slightly larger than Pluto in the Kuiper Belt last year reinvigorated the argument over whether to demote Pluto or add other planets.
今年夏天，国际天文学联合会将决定是否仍旧把冥王星视为大行星。去年在柯伊柏带发现了一颗比冥王星略大的天体，这引发了是给冥王星降级还是承认新发现的天体是大行星的争论。
2006年2月28日星期二
2月27日美国国务院记者会实录：阿扁给埃雷利出难题
2006年2月27日，阿扁居然“废统”，玩弄文字游戏，把国统纲领给终止了。
自然，美国国务院的每日例行记者会上，记者不会放过这个问题的，
埃雷利答问的这段，其实一直在车轱辘话来回说，他的主要内容就是2点：
1 美国的原则是3个联合公报和与台湾关系法，坚持一个中国原则，不支持台独，不允许单方面改变现状。
2 陈水扁没有废除国统纲领，而是停止运作。美国的理解是“冻结”。
记者纠缠的问题主要是：
1 中文的“终止”和“废除”没有区别，根本不是冻结
2 美国到底界定的单方面改变现状是什么意思
全文太长了，居然有5页纸那么长，下面就把原文和翻译贴出来，纯粹是个翻译练习，和大家分享一下吧，请大家多多指正。
问：我的问题是，台湾领导人陈水扁在台北宣布，决定停止国家统一委员会的运作和国家统一纲领的适用。你对他的决定有何反应？（凤凰卫视）
（注：陈水扁用的中文原文是：同意：‘国家统一委员会’终止运作，不再编列预算，原负责业务人员归建；‘国家统一纲领’终止适用，并依程序送交‘行政院’查照。）
埃雷利：嗯，如果我告诉你我们的台海关系政策没有改变，你不会觉得吃惊吧。我们的一个中国政策基于3个中美联合公报和与台湾关系法。当然，我们反对任何一方单方面改变现状，我们也不支持台湾独立。
我注意到，今天，陈总统重申他将信守2000年就职演说上的承诺，不会改变台海现状，我们仍旧希望北京能够与台湾选举产生的领导人开展对话。
关于国统会的问题，我们的理解是，陈总统没有废除它，他重申台湾承诺维持现状。我们非常重视这项承诺。我们将密切关注他的动向。
是的。
问：你认为是（听不见）还是改变现状？或者……美国对于“改变现状”的定义是什么？（新华社）
埃雷利：我想陈总统已经承诺不会改变现状，也不会违背就职演说中的承诺。我们相信，我们非常重视这些承诺，我们也将密切关注后续发展。
问：好的。美国会如何密切关注呢？美国会采取那些措施……（听不见）？（新华社）
埃雷利：嗯，我们持续强调其重要性，就像我以前在关于北京与台湾关于台海问题展开对话的评论中提到的那样。我们相信，不单方面采取行动，靠对话解决问题很重要。我们鼓励双方这么做。
问：我只想确认一下。你认为这不算改变现状？
埃雷利：你知道，我不会进一步解释我已经说过的话了。它没有被废止，只是被冻结。陈水扁本人也说他将保持现状，并且遵守就职演说中提到的承诺。这是很重要的政策陈述。
问：你也将保持现状，没错吧？
埃雷利：我们还将继续一个中国政策。
问：嗯，但是那种状态是……
问：基于三个……
埃雷利：基于3个联合公报和？
问：（私语）
埃雷利：台湾关系法
问：你认为他们将讨论什么问题？
埃雷利：解决他们之间的分歧。
问：但是你相信只有一个中国。他们之间还有什么主要分歧吗？
埃雷利：巴里，让我们……
问：好的。不过，我的意思是，这已经是陈词滥调了。
埃雷利：是的。没错，这就是为什么……
问：这是个大事件，因此我想美国国务院也许能多……
埃雷利：我想……
问：一提到中国，国务院就不说话了。
埃雷利：先生。
问：是的。陈总统在他的声明中，说的是国家统一委员会终止运作（cease to function)。你说，他用的词语“终止运作”，并不是废除这个委员会。
埃雷利：我们的理解是……
问：我确定我不能同意你的说法，因为你知道，从语言学和语义学上来看，“终止”和“废除”含义是相同的。
埃雷利：先生，我所能说的所有的内容，就是陈总统说过，他将维持现状，他不会改变现状，他将遵守就职演说中的承诺。国统会——他也提到——仍旧存在，因此我们认为他遵守了承诺。
问：嗯，他过去这么说过无数次了。他重复以前说过的话，你仍旧对他有信心吗？
埃雷利：我想我们的观点——我已经尽可能说清楚了。
问：亚当，美国是否鼓励他采取这样的行动？
埃雷利：美国已经在不同场合，多次明确告知台湾领导人，我们反对单方面的行动，我们强烈敦促他遵守在2000年就职演说中做出的承诺，不要采取任何单方面的行动。我注意到他已经说过，他的行为不是单方面改变现状。
问：你认为这次的终止是单方面行动吗？move?
埃雷利：请再说一遍？
问：他这次的行动，美国是否认为是单方面行动？
埃雷利：我想我只能说，陈总统说的话和他所做的，不是单方面行动。
问：尽管台湾和美国有过交流，陈水扁仍旧坚持他的决定。美国方面就没有采取任何措施？
埃雷利：我想我们仍旧——像我刚才说的，我们仍旧要求陈总统信守2000年就职演说中的承诺，不采取单方面的行。
问：我可以问点别的吗？
问：你是否认为这个事件现在已经告一段落？
埃雷利：对我们来说，或者说当台湾——海峡两岸解决双方分歧的时候，这个事件或者说是问题才会结束。这就是我们持续督促双方这么做的原因：对话，就像我们今天这样，解决过去的问题。
是的。
问：亚当，最初美国试图劝说陈水扁放弃废统。什么使你软化的观点，你知道，原来是劝阻他那么做，而现在是默许了，只是改变了措辞。在中文里，他的用词就是“终止”（terminate），甚至不是“停止”(cease to apply）。你知道“终止”就是终止。我不知道“终止”和“废除”有什么区别。
埃雷利：我不说中文，所以我不知道。我能告诉你的事，我们的理解，国统会没有被废除，而是被冻结，这是第一点。第二，陈总统说，这没有改变现状，而且，第二点，他也说了，不会采取单方面的行动，不会改变现状，这几点都是我们强烈支持，并且再三确认过的。
问：亚当，我们没有亲耳听到他说过他将确保自己就职演说中的承诺。你在哪里听到的？我们真的没有听说。
另一个问题，亚当。你真的认为美国的政策起作用了吗？我的意思是，你知道，当你提到废除或者终止国统会和国统纲领的时候，你看到了，也知道，这是改变，单方面现状的改变，你一周前这样说过。可是现在，你说，陈总统没有改变现状。我对此无法理解，你们的政策起作用了吗？
还有，你希望中国和陈总统对话。你这是出于什么目的，你知道中国不会这么做的。如果中国昨天不同意和他对话，你今天希望中国对话的目的是什么？
埃雷利：我不能代表中国说什么，我只能代表美国，实际上，我们已经说得很明白了，我们的一贯政策是，防止任何一方单方面改变现现状。针对这个个案，最新的个案，2000年已经承诺过，我们认为尊重承诺很重要。陈总统今天重申，我们的理解，他的行为并没有改变现状，并且它重申了2000年的承诺。
这很重要，因为——你不能——像你在问题中所建议的，如果双方不信任对方没有采取单方面的行为，你无法促使对话。因此，我们今天听到的陈水扁的公告很重要，给予这个公告，给予台湾领导人说的不改变现状，如果你超出了今天这条新闻的内容，去讨论现实问题，会有问题的。
问：再问个问题？
埃雷利：好的。
问：我们知道美国的政策没有改变，仍旧那么强硬，非常强硬，但是在这个政策中，有没有什么隐藏的含义？你知道，显然，当决策者今天进入这栋大楼的时候，这是新的一天，和昨天是不一样的。
埃雷利：是的，我同意。（笑）虽然每天都和明天不一样，我们的政策是持续性的，何时为什么我们会有这段冗长的讨论。我们对俄政策仍旧是基于……
问：“一个中国”（笑）
埃雷利：基于三个联合公报和与台湾关系法。
问：有没有变化?
埃雷利：好的，我猜……
问：我能再试着问问吗？
埃雷利：好的。
问：好的。我想知道，像你说的，美方是不是有某种谅解，允许陈总统决定停止国统会运作，而不是废除——你的原话。是不是台湾将不会挑战你在台上所讲的，尤其是，你说的，不是废除——实际上，你知道，刚才我的同行指出——中文“终止”，就是终止(terminating)的意思，和废除差不多。因此，我想知道，美国是不是和双方达成了某种谅解或者协议，用这种方式解释，说废除不是废除？
埃雷利：我，先生，我只是—
问：台湾所说的，就是废除……
埃雷利：让我——我建议你看看陈总统的公告，和他关于并未改变现状的声明。这是台湾方面的政策，是很重要的再次声明，我们当然希望他们履行承诺。
问：他会为此付出代价吗？
埃雷利：我不知道，你知道，我不知道你的话什么意思。
问：(听不见)付出代价？
埃雷利：美国正在促进台海分歧的解决，我们将继续关注。
问：我能问点别的吗？
问：中华人民共和国目前有何反应？我们知道杨洁篪先生来访。……
埃雷利：我目前没有什么可以提供的消息。
QUESTION: My question is Taiwan leader Chen Shui-bian announced in Taipei a decision to stop the operation of the National Unification Council and the application of National Unification guidelines. What's your response to his decision?
MR. ERELI: Well, it won't surprise you to learn that our policy on Cross-Strait relations has not changed. Our one China policy is based on the three communiqués and the Taiwan Relations Act. We are, of course, opposed to any unilateral change to the status quo by either side and we do not support Taiwan independence.
I would note today that President Chen reaffirmed his continuing commitment to the pledges he made in his 2000 inaugural address not to change the status of the status quo across the Straits and we continue to stress the need for Beijing to open a dialogue with the elected leadership in Taiwan.
On the question of the National Unification Council, it's our understanding that President Chen did not abolish it and he reaffirmed Taiwan's commitment to the status quo. We attach great importance to that commitment and we'll be following his follow-through carefully.
Yes.
QUESTION: Do you think (inaudible) either change to the status quo? Is it -- and what's the U.S. definition of the changes to the status quo?
MR. ERELI: I think President Chen has said that he is committed to the status quo and that he is committed to his -- the pledges in his inaugural speech. We believe that the -- we attach great importance to those commitments and we will be following events closely.
QUESTION: Okay. What steps U.S. is following closely and what steps will the U.S. take to curb -- to (inaudible)?
MR. ERELI: Well, we continue to stress the importance, as I did in my comments earlier, of dialogue between Beijing and Taiwan on Cross-Strait issues. It is important, we believe, that resolution of this issue avoid unilateral steps and focus on dialogue and that's the tact that we encourage both sides to take.
QUESTION: I just want to get this right. So, you don't consider this as a change of status quo?
MR. ERELI: You know, I'm not going to define it further than I already have. It has not been abolished; it's been frozen. He himself has said that he is committed to the status quo and that he is committed to his inaugural pledges and that is an important statement of policy.
QUESTION: And you are committed to the status quo, too, aren't you?
MR. ERELI: And we are committed to a one China policy.
QUESTION: Well, but that's pretty status --
QUESTION: Based on the three --
MR. ERELI: Based on the three communiqués –and -- class?
QUESTION: (Cross-talk)
MR. ERELI: The Taiwan Relations Act.
QUESTION: What do you think they're going to be talking about?
MR. ERELI: Resolving their differences.
QUESTION: But you believe there's only one China. Is there any other major difference?
MR. ERELI: Come on, Barry. Let's --
QUESTION: Okay, but I mean -- it's gotten to be sort of boilerplate.
MR. ERELI: Yes. Exactly. That's why --
QUESTION: And this is a big event, so I thought maybe there's something a little more that the State Department could --
MR. ERELI: I think --
QUESTION: When it comes to China, State Department gets very quiet.
MR. ERELI: Sir.
QUESTION: Yes. President Chen, of course, in his announcement, used the expression that the Unification Council ceases to function and also the guideline ceases to apply. You're saying, by using the phrase, you know, "cease to function," he's not actually abolishing the Council.
MR. ERELI: Our understanding --
QUESTION: I'm not sure I would agree with you because, you know, linguistically and semantically, "cease" is the same thing as abolishing.
MR. ERELI: Sir, all I can say is that President Chen has said he is committed to the status quo, he is not changing the status quo and he is committed to his inaugural pledges. The NUC -- he also -- the NUC exists and so we're going to hold him to those pledges.
QUESTION: Well, he has said this countless times in the past and do you still have confidence in him when he says something that he had said before, though?
MR. ERELI: I think our views -- I've stated them as clearly as I can.
QUESTION: Adam, did the United States encourage him not to take the step?
MR. ERELI: I think the United States has made it clear to the Taiwanese leadership on any number of occasions that we are opposed to unilateral moves and we urge strongly that he remain consistent with his commitments in the inaugural pledge of 2000 and that he not take any unilateral moves. I would note that he has said that this action is not a unilateral move.
QUESTION: Would you agree a cessation is a unilateral move?
MR. ERELI: Pardon?
QUESTION: Is his action, from the U.S. view, a unilateral move?
MR. ERELI: I think that I would just leave it at what President Chen said and hold him at that, which is it is not a unilateral move.
QUESTION: And in spite of all the communication between the U.S. and Taiwan, Chen stick to his decision. So is there any actions the U.S. side is going to take?
MR. ERELI: I think we will continue to -- as I said earlier, we will continue to hold President Chen by his commitments not to take unilateral moves and to remain committed to his inaugural pledges of 2000.
QUESTION: Can I ask you something else?
QUESTION: Do you consider this episode closed for now?
MR. ERELI: For us, the episode is closed or the issue is closed when Taiwan -- when parties on both sides of the Straits resolve their differences. And that's what we continue to urge both sides to do: engage in a dialogue so that issues and discussions like we're having today are a thing of the past.
Yes.
QUESTION: Adam, at first the United States actually has tried to persuade President Chen to give up his plan to abolish the Council and the guidelines. What made you soften your stand, you know, moving from urging him not to do it to actually working out the specific wording? In Chinese, it is actually "terminate." It's not even "cease to apply." You know "zhongzhi" is terminate. I don't understand the difference between termination and abolishment.
MR. ERELI: Not being a Chinese speaker, I don't know either. What I can tell you is our understanding is that the NUC has not been abolished; it has been frozen, number one. Number two, that President Chen has stated that this does not alter the status quo and; number two, he has said he is committed to not take unilateral actions which would alter the status quo, all of which are positions that we have very strongly advocated and which have been reaffirmed.
QUESTION: Adam, we didn't hear him actually reaffirm his pledges or assurance to adhere to his inaugural address commitment. Did you hear it somewhere else? Because we didn't really hear it.
One other question, Adam. Do you really think the U.S. policy is working? I mean, you know, when you say to abolish or to terminate the Council and the guidelines may seem, you know, to be steps to change -- unilaterally change the status quo, and then a week later, you know, you're saying, hey, President Chen actually is not changing the status quo. I don't understand that. You know, is your policy working?
And also, you are calling for China to talk to President Chen. What was the incentive that you think China would get out of this? If China did not agree to talk to him yesterday, what is the incentive that will make China talk to him today?
MR. ERELI: I can't speak for China. What I can speak for is the United States and the fact that we've got, I think, a very clear and consistent policy that is focused on preventing either side from taking unilateral actions that affect the status quo. In this case, in this latest case, there were pledges made in 2000 that we thought were important to respect. President Chen has reaffirmed today, our understanding, the fact that the steps that he has taken do not constitute a change in the status quo and he reaffirmed his commitment to those 2000 pledges.
That is important, because what -- you can't -- as you suggested in your question, you can't promote dialogue if there isn't the confidence between both sides that the other one isn't taking unilateral steps. So, it's very important, the public statements that we've heard from Chen today, and it's very important that based on those public statements and based on what the leadership of Taiwan has said is a commitment not to change the status quo, that you move beyond the news of the day and talk about the real issues that are causing problems.
QUESTION: One more?
MR. ERELI: One more.
QUESTION: We understand the U.S. policy remains the same and remains firm, very firm, but are there any policy implications because of this – for U.S. policy? You know, obviously, when the decision-makers in this building come to the building today, it's a different day. It's different from yesterday.
MR. ERELI: Yes, I will agree with that. (Laughter.) And that I think the focus of our policy, even though one day is different than the next, is continuity and that's why I began this long discussion by reminding you that our policy remains consistent based on --
QUESTION: "One China." (Laughter).
MR. ERELI: Based on the three communiqués and the Taiwan Relations Act.
QUESTION: Has it changed?
MR. ERELI: Okay, I guess --
QUESTION: Can I make one more try?
MR. ERELI: One more try.
QUESTION: One more try, okay. I would like to know if there's some kind of understanding that the U.S. side has been given permission to construe President Chen's decision to let the council to cease to function as not abolishing -- your word. Is there some kind of -- and Taiwan will not challenge whatever you say at this podium about, particularly, your language, not abolishing -- actually, you know, my colleague back there just pointed out the word -- the expression -- in Chinese "zhongzhi" simply means terminating, which is like abolishing. So, that's why I want to know, is there some kind of an understanding, agreement between the two sides that the U.S. can interpret this in the way as abolishing -- not abolishing?
MR. ERELI: I would -- sir, I just --
QUESTION: Whereas Taiwan is saying, you know, it's abolishing --
MR. ERELI: Let me just -- I'd refer you to President Chen's public comments and his reaffirmation that this is not a unilateral step to change the status quo and that's a statement of Taiwanese policy and that's an important reaffirmation of Taiwanese policy and we certainly look forward to them fulfilling those commitments.
QUESTION: Will he pay a price for this?
MR. ERELI: I don't -- you know, I don't know what that means.
QUESTION: (Inaudible) pay a price for this?
MR. ERELI: The United States is working to promote resolution of Cross-Strait differences and that's the objective that we're going to continue to focus on.
QUESTION: Could I turn to something else?
QUESTION: What is the PRC’s reaction so far? We know Mr. Yang Jiechi’s visit here, he raised Taiwan questions. So far, did you get other --
MR. ERELI: I've got nothing new to report for you on that.
自然，美国国务院的每日例行记者会上，记者不会放过这个问题的，
埃雷利答问的这段，其实一直在车轱辘话来回说，他的主要内容就是2点：
1 美国的原则是3个联合公报和与台湾关系法，坚持一个中国原则，不支持台独，不允许单方面改变现状。
2 陈水扁没有废除国统纲领，而是停止运作。美国的理解是“冻结”。
记者纠缠的问题主要是：
1 中文的“终止”和“废除”没有区别，根本不是冻结
2 美国到底界定的单方面改变现状是什么意思
全文太长了，居然有5页纸那么长，下面就把原文和翻译贴出来，纯粹是个翻译练习，和大家分享一下吧，请大家多多指正。
问：我的问题是，台湾领导人陈水扁在台北宣布，决定停止国家统一委员会的运作和国家统一纲领的适用。你对他的决定有何反应？（凤凰卫视）
（注：陈水扁用的中文原文是：同意：‘国家统一委员会’终止运作，不再编列预算，原负责业务人员归建；‘国家统一纲领’终止适用，并依程序送交‘行政院’查照。）
埃雷利：嗯，如果我告诉你我们的台海关系政策没有改变，你不会觉得吃惊吧。我们的一个中国政策基于3个中美联合公报和与台湾关系法。当然，我们反对任何一方单方面改变现状，我们也不支持台湾独立。
我注意到，今天，陈总统重申他将信守2000年就职演说上的承诺，不会改变台海现状，我们仍旧希望北京能够与台湾选举产生的领导人开展对话。
关于国统会的问题，我们的理解是，陈总统没有废除它，他重申台湾承诺维持现状。我们非常重视这项承诺。我们将密切关注他的动向。
是的。
问：你认为是（听不见）还是改变现状？或者……美国对于“改变现状”的定义是什么？（新华社）
埃雷利：我想陈总统已经承诺不会改变现状，也不会违背就职演说中的承诺。我们相信，我们非常重视这些承诺，我们也将密切关注后续发展。
问：好的。美国会如何密切关注呢？美国会采取那些措施……（听不见）？（新华社）
埃雷利：嗯，我们持续强调其重要性，就像我以前在关于北京与台湾关于台海问题展开对话的评论中提到的那样。我们相信，不单方面采取行动，靠对话解决问题很重要。我们鼓励双方这么做。
问：我只想确认一下。你认为这不算改变现状？
埃雷利：你知道，我不会进一步解释我已经说过的话了。它没有被废止，只是被冻结。陈水扁本人也说他将保持现状，并且遵守就职演说中提到的承诺。这是很重要的政策陈述。
问：你也将保持现状，没错吧？
埃雷利：我们还将继续一个中国政策。
问：嗯，但是那种状态是……
问：基于三个……
埃雷利：基于3个联合公报和？
问：（私语）
埃雷利：台湾关系法
问：你认为他们将讨论什么问题？
埃雷利：解决他们之间的分歧。
问：但是你相信只有一个中国。他们之间还有什么主要分歧吗？
埃雷利：巴里，让我们……
问：好的。不过，我的意思是，这已经是陈词滥调了。
埃雷利：是的。没错，这就是为什么……
问：这是个大事件，因此我想美国国务院也许能多……
埃雷利：我想……
问：一提到中国，国务院就不说话了。
埃雷利：先生。
问：是的。陈总统在他的声明中，说的是国家统一委员会终止运作（cease to function)。你说，他用的词语“终止运作”，并不是废除这个委员会。
埃雷利：我们的理解是……
问：我确定我不能同意你的说法，因为你知道，从语言学和语义学上来看，“终止”和“废除”含义是相同的。
埃雷利：先生，我所能说的所有的内容，就是陈总统说过，他将维持现状，他不会改变现状，他将遵守就职演说中的承诺。国统会——他也提到——仍旧存在，因此我们认为他遵守了承诺。
问：嗯，他过去这么说过无数次了。他重复以前说过的话，你仍旧对他有信心吗？
埃雷利：我想我们的观点——我已经尽可能说清楚了。
问：亚当，美国是否鼓励他采取这样的行动？
埃雷利：美国已经在不同场合，多次明确告知台湾领导人，我们反对单方面的行动，我们强烈敦促他遵守在2000年就职演说中做出的承诺，不要采取任何单方面的行动。我注意到他已经说过，他的行为不是单方面改变现状。
问：你认为这次的终止是单方面行动吗？move?
埃雷利：请再说一遍？
问：他这次的行动，美国是否认为是单方面行动？
埃雷利：我想我只能说，陈总统说的话和他所做的，不是单方面行动。
问：尽管台湾和美国有过交流，陈水扁仍旧坚持他的决定。美国方面就没有采取任何措施？
埃雷利：我想我们仍旧——像我刚才说的，我们仍旧要求陈总统信守2000年就职演说中的承诺，不采取单方面的行。
问：我可以问点别的吗？
问：你是否认为这个事件现在已经告一段落？
埃雷利：对我们来说，或者说当台湾——海峡两岸解决双方分歧的时候，这个事件或者说是问题才会结束。这就是我们持续督促双方这么做的原因：对话，就像我们今天这样，解决过去的问题。
是的。
问：亚当，最初美国试图劝说陈水扁放弃废统。什么使你软化的观点，你知道，原来是劝阻他那么做，而现在是默许了，只是改变了措辞。在中文里，他的用词就是“终止”（terminate），甚至不是“停止”(cease to apply）。你知道“终止”就是终止。我不知道“终止”和“废除”有什么区别。
埃雷利：我不说中文，所以我不知道。我能告诉你的事，我们的理解，国统会没有被废除，而是被冻结，这是第一点。第二，陈总统说，这没有改变现状，而且，第二点，他也说了，不会采取单方面的行动，不会改变现状，这几点都是我们强烈支持，并且再三确认过的。
问：亚当，我们没有亲耳听到他说过他将确保自己就职演说中的承诺。你在哪里听到的？我们真的没有听说。
另一个问题，亚当。你真的认为美国的政策起作用了吗？我的意思是，你知道，当你提到废除或者终止国统会和国统纲领的时候，你看到了，也知道，这是改变，单方面现状的改变，你一周前这样说过。可是现在，你说，陈总统没有改变现状。我对此无法理解，你们的政策起作用了吗？
还有，你希望中国和陈总统对话。你这是出于什么目的，你知道中国不会这么做的。如果中国昨天不同意和他对话，你今天希望中国对话的目的是什么？
埃雷利：我不能代表中国说什么，我只能代表美国，实际上，我们已经说得很明白了，我们的一贯政策是，防止任何一方单方面改变现现状。针对这个个案，最新的个案，2000年已经承诺过，我们认为尊重承诺很重要。陈总统今天重申，我们的理解，他的行为并没有改变现状，并且它重申了2000年的承诺。
这很重要，因为——你不能——像你在问题中所建议的，如果双方不信任对方没有采取单方面的行为，你无法促使对话。因此，我们今天听到的陈水扁的公告很重要，给予这个公告，给予台湾领导人说的不改变现状，如果你超出了今天这条新闻的内容，去讨论现实问题，会有问题的。
问：再问个问题？
埃雷利：好的。
问：我们知道美国的政策没有改变，仍旧那么强硬，非常强硬，但是在这个政策中，有没有什么隐藏的含义？你知道，显然，当决策者今天进入这栋大楼的时候，这是新的一天，和昨天是不一样的。
埃雷利：是的，我同意。（笑）虽然每天都和明天不一样，我们的政策是持续性的，何时为什么我们会有这段冗长的讨论。我们对俄政策仍旧是基于……
问：“一个中国”（笑）
埃雷利：基于三个联合公报和与台湾关系法。
问：有没有变化?
埃雷利：好的，我猜……
问：我能再试着问问吗？
埃雷利：好的。
问：好的。我想知道，像你说的，美方是不是有某种谅解，允许陈总统决定停止国统会运作，而不是废除——你的原话。是不是台湾将不会挑战你在台上所讲的，尤其是，你说的，不是废除——实际上，你知道，刚才我的同行指出——中文“终止”，就是终止(terminating)的意思，和废除差不多。因此，我想知道，美国是不是和双方达成了某种谅解或者协议，用这种方式解释，说废除不是废除？
埃雷利：我，先生，我只是—
问：台湾所说的，就是废除……
埃雷利：让我——我建议你看看陈总统的公告，和他关于并未改变现状的声明。这是台湾方面的政策，是很重要的再次声明，我们当然希望他们履行承诺。
问：他会为此付出代价吗？
埃雷利：我不知道，你知道，我不知道你的话什么意思。
问：(听不见)付出代价？
埃雷利：美国正在促进台海分歧的解决，我们将继续关注。
问：我能问点别的吗？
问：中华人民共和国目前有何反应？我们知道杨洁篪先生来访。……
埃雷利：我目前没有什么可以提供的消息。
QUESTION: My question is Taiwan leader Chen Shui-bian announced in Taipei a decision to stop the operation of the National Unification Council and the application of National Unification guidelines. What's your response to his decision?
MR. ERELI: Well, it won't surprise you to learn that our policy on Cross-Strait relations has not changed. Our one China policy is based on the three communiqués and the Taiwan Relations Act. We are, of course, opposed to any unilateral change to the status quo by either side and we do not support Taiwan independence.
I would note today that President Chen reaffirmed his continuing commitment to the pledges he made in his 2000 inaugural address not to change the status of the status quo across the Straits and we continue to stress the need for Beijing to open a dialogue with the elected leadership in Taiwan.
On the question of the National Unification Council, it's our understanding that President Chen did not abolish it and he reaffirmed Taiwan's commitment to the status quo. We attach great importance to that commitment and we'll be following his follow-through carefully.
Yes.
QUESTION: Do you think (inaudible) either change to the status quo? Is it -- and what's the U.S. definition of the changes to the status quo?
MR. ERELI: I think President Chen has said that he is committed to the status quo and that he is committed to his -- the pledges in his inaugural speech. We believe that the -- we attach great importance to those commitments and we will be following events closely.
QUESTION: Okay. What steps U.S. is following closely and what steps will the U.S. take to curb -- to (inaudible)?
MR. ERELI: Well, we continue to stress the importance, as I did in my comments earlier, of dialogue between Beijing and Taiwan on Cross-Strait issues. It is important, we believe, that resolution of this issue avoid unilateral steps and focus on dialogue and that's the tact that we encourage both sides to take.
QUESTION: I just want to get this right. So, you don't consider this as a change of status quo?
MR. ERELI: You know, I'm not going to define it further than I already have. It has not been abolished; it's been frozen. He himself has said that he is committed to the status quo and that he is committed to his inaugural pledges and that is an important statement of policy.
QUESTION: And you are committed to the status quo, too, aren't you?
MR. ERELI: And we are committed to a one China policy.
QUESTION: Well, but that's pretty status --
QUESTION: Based on the three --
MR. ERELI: Based on the three communiqués –and -- class?
QUESTION: (Cross-talk)
MR. ERELI: The Taiwan Relations Act.
QUESTION: What do you think they're going to be talking about?
MR. ERELI: Resolving their differences.
QUESTION: But you believe there's only one China. Is there any other major difference?
MR. ERELI: Come on, Barry. Let's --
QUESTION: Okay, but I mean -- it's gotten to be sort of boilerplate.
MR. ERELI: Yes. Exactly. That's why --
QUESTION: And this is a big event, so I thought maybe there's something a little more that the State Department could --
MR. ERELI: I think --
QUESTION: When it comes to China, State Department gets very quiet.
MR. ERELI: Sir.
QUESTION: Yes. President Chen, of course, in his announcement, used the expression that the Unification Council ceases to function and also the guideline ceases to apply. You're saying, by using the phrase, you know, "cease to function," he's not actually abolishing the Council.
MR. ERELI: Our understanding --
QUESTION: I'm not sure I would agree with you because, you know, linguistically and semantically, "cease" is the same thing as abolishing.
MR. ERELI: Sir, all I can say is that President Chen has said he is committed to the status quo, he is not changing the status quo and he is committed to his inaugural pledges. The NUC -- he also -- the NUC exists and so we're going to hold him to those pledges.
QUESTION: Well, he has said this countless times in the past and do you still have confidence in him when he says something that he had said before, though?
MR. ERELI: I think our views -- I've stated them as clearly as I can.
QUESTION: Adam, did the United States encourage him not to take the step?
MR. ERELI: I think the United States has made it clear to the Taiwanese leadership on any number of occasions that we are opposed to unilateral moves and we urge strongly that he remain consistent with his commitments in the inaugural pledge of 2000 and that he not take any unilateral moves. I would note that he has said that this action is not a unilateral move.
QUESTION: Would you agree a cessation is a unilateral move?
MR. ERELI: Pardon?
QUESTION: Is his action, from the U.S. view, a unilateral move?
MR. ERELI: I think that I would just leave it at what President Chen said and hold him at that, which is it is not a unilateral move.
QUESTION: And in spite of all the communication between the U.S. and Taiwan, Chen stick to his decision. So is there any actions the U.S. side is going to take?
MR. ERELI: I think we will continue to -- as I said earlier, we will continue to hold President Chen by his commitments not to take unilateral moves and to remain committed to his inaugural pledges of 2000.
QUESTION: Can I ask you something else?
QUESTION: Do you consider this episode closed for now?
MR. ERELI: For us, the episode is closed or the issue is closed when Taiwan -- when parties on both sides of the Straits resolve their differences. And that's what we continue to urge both sides to do: engage in a dialogue so that issues and discussions like we're having today are a thing of the past.
Yes.
QUESTION: Adam, at first the United States actually has tried to persuade President Chen to give up his plan to abolish the Council and the guidelines. What made you soften your stand, you know, moving from urging him not to do it to actually working out the specific wording? In Chinese, it is actually "terminate." It's not even "cease to apply." You know "zhongzhi" is terminate. I don't understand the difference between termination and abolishment.
MR. ERELI: Not being a Chinese speaker, I don't know either. What I can tell you is our understanding is that the NUC has not been abolished; it has been frozen, number one. Number two, that President Chen has stated that this does not alter the status quo and; number two, he has said he is committed to not take unilateral actions which would alter the status quo, all of which are positions that we have very strongly advocated and which have been reaffirmed.
QUESTION: Adam, we didn't hear him actually reaffirm his pledges or assurance to adhere to his inaugural address commitment. Did you hear it somewhere else? Because we didn't really hear it.
One other question, Adam. Do you really think the U.S. policy is working? I mean, you know, when you say to abolish or to terminate the Council and the guidelines may seem, you know, to be steps to change -- unilaterally change the status quo, and then a week later, you know, you're saying, hey, President Chen actually is not changing the status quo. I don't understand that. You know, is your policy working?
And also, you are calling for China to talk to President Chen. What was the incentive that you think China would get out of this? If China did not agree to talk to him yesterday, what is the incentive that will make China talk to him today?
MR. ERELI: I can't speak for China. What I can speak for is the United States and the fact that we've got, I think, a very clear and consistent policy that is focused on preventing either side from taking unilateral actions that affect the status quo. In this case, in this latest case, there were pledges made in 2000 that we thought were important to respect. President Chen has reaffirmed today, our understanding, the fact that the steps that he has taken do not constitute a change in the status quo and he reaffirmed his commitment to those 2000 pledges.
That is important, because what -- you can't -- as you suggested in your question, you can't promote dialogue if there isn't the confidence between both sides that the other one isn't taking unilateral steps. So, it's very important, the public statements that we've heard from Chen today, and it's very important that based on those public statements and based on what the leadership of Taiwan has said is a commitment not to change the status quo, that you move beyond the news of the day and talk about the real issues that are causing problems.
QUESTION: One more?
MR. ERELI: One more.
QUESTION: We understand the U.S. policy remains the same and remains firm, very firm, but are there any policy implications because of this – for U.S. policy? You know, obviously, when the decision-makers in this building come to the building today, it's a different day. It's different from yesterday.
MR. ERELI: Yes, I will agree with that. (Laughter.) And that I think the focus of our policy, even though one day is different than the next, is continuity and that's why I began this long discussion by reminding you that our policy remains consistent based on --
QUESTION: "One China." (Laughter).
MR. ERELI: Based on the three communiqués and the Taiwan Relations Act.
QUESTION: Has it changed?
MR. ERELI: Okay, I guess --
QUESTION: Can I make one more try?
MR. ERELI: One more try.
QUESTION: One more try, okay. I would like to know if there's some kind of understanding that the U.S. side has been given permission to construe President Chen's decision to let the council to cease to function as not abolishing -- your word. Is there some kind of -- and Taiwan will not challenge whatever you say at this podium about, particularly, your language, not abolishing -- actually, you know, my colleague back there just pointed out the word -- the expression -- in Chinese "zhongzhi" simply means terminating, which is like abolishing. So, that's why I want to know, is there some kind of an understanding, agreement between the two sides that the U.S. can interpret this in the way as abolishing -- not abolishing?
MR. ERELI: I would -- sir, I just --
QUESTION: Whereas Taiwan is saying, you know, it's abolishing --
MR. ERELI: Let me just -- I'd refer you to President Chen's public comments and his reaffirmation that this is not a unilateral step to change the status quo and that's a statement of Taiwanese policy and that's an important reaffirmation of Taiwanese policy and we certainly look forward to them fulfilling those commitments.
QUESTION: Will he pay a price for this?
MR. ERELI: I don't -- you know, I don't know what that means.
QUESTION: (Inaudible) pay a price for this?
MR. ERELI: The United States is working to promote resolution of Cross-Strait differences and that's the objective that we're going to continue to focus on.
QUESTION: Could I turn to something else?
QUESTION: What is the PRC’s reaction so far? We know Mr. Yang Jiechi’s visit here, he raised Taiwan questions. So far, did you get other --
MR. ERELI: I've got nothing new to report for you on that.
2006年2月15日星期三
冬奥会项目中英对译
冬季奥运会，共计有15个大项，有些项目的翻译和英文字面意思相距十万八千里，故此整理了一下，首先是15个大项的对译。
冰上项目5个大项：
速度滑冰 Speedskating
短道速滑 Short Track
花样滑冰 Figure Skating
冰球 Ice Hockey
冰壶 Curling
雪上项目10个大项：
冬季两项 Biathlon
越野滑雪 Cross Country
高山滑雪 Alpine Skiing
北欧两项 Nordic Combined
跳台滑雪 Ski Jumping
自由式滑雪 Freestyle Skiing
单板滑雪 Snowboarding
有舵雪橇 Bobsled*
俯式冰橇 Skeleton**
无舵雪橇 Luge
* 有舵雪橇，也有的翻译成“雪车”
** 俯式冰橇，也有的翻译成“钢架雪车”
1 大项名称：冬季两项（Biathlon）*
包括10个小项，10块金牌中，男子项目5块，女子项目5块
1 男子20公里个人赛 Men's 20 km Individual
2 男子10公里竞速赛** Men's 10 km Sprint
3 男子12.5公里追逐赛 Men's 12.5 km Pursuit
4 男子4x7.5公里接力 Men's 4x7.5 km Relay
5 男子15公里集体出发赛 Men's 15 km Mass Start
6 女子15公里个人赛 Women's 15 km Individual
7 女子7.5公里竞速赛** Women's 7.5 km Sprint
8 女子10公里追逐赛 Women's 10 km Pursuit
9 女子4x6公里接力 Women's 4x6 km Relay
10 女子12.5公里集体出发赛 Women's 12.5 km Mass Start
* 冬季两项中的两项，指越野滑雪和射击
** 竞速赛，又译“短距离”
2 大项名称：越野滑雪(Cross Country Skiing)
共计包括12个小项，12块金牌中，男子项目6块，女子项目6块
女子15公里（7.5+7.5）追逐赛 Ladies' 15 km Pursuit (7.5+7.5)
女子团体 Ladies' Team Sprint
女子古典式10公里* Ladies' 10 km Classical
女子4*5公里接力 Ladies' 4x5 km Relay
女子竞速赛** Ladies' Sprint
女子30公里自由式集体出发 Ladies' 30 km Free, Mass start
男子30公里（15+15）追逐赛 Men's 30 km Pursuit (15+15)
男子团体 Men's Team Sprint
男子古典式15公里* Men's 15 km Classical
男子4*10公里接力 Men's 4x10 km Relay
男子竞速赛** Men's Sprint
男子50公里自由式集体出发 Men's 50 km Free, Mass start
*古典式，又译“传统技术”
**竞速赛，又译“短距离”
3 大项名称：冰壶Curling
包括2个小项，2块金牌中，男子项目1块，女子项目1块。
男子、女子项目表示性别的词语用的是Men和Women
比赛第一阶段是循环赛，共计十二轮，叫做Round Robin，
轮次用Session一次。如男子循环赛第10轮叫Men's Round Robin, Session 10。
第二阶段是同分附加赛，叫 Tie-breaker，之后是半决赛 Semifinals，然后是铜牌战 Bronze Medal Game和金牌战 Gold Medal Game
4 大项名称：花样滑冰 Figure Skating
共计4个小项，4块金牌中，男子项目1块，女子项目1块，男女配对项目2块
1 双人滑 Pairs Figure Skating
比赛分2个阶段：短节目 Short Program 和 自由滑 Free Skating
2 男子单人滑 Men Figure Skating
比赛分2个阶段：短节目 Short Program 和 自由滑 Free Skating
3 冰上舞蹈 Ice Dancing
比赛分3个阶段：
规定舞 Compulsory Dance、创编舞 Original Dance 和 自由舞 Free Dance
4 女子单人滑 Ladies' Figure Skating
比赛分2个阶段：短节目 Short Program 和 自由滑 Free Skating
另外，奥会会比赛结束后，另有一场花样滑冰表演Exhibition Gala
5 大项名称：自由式滑雪 Freestyle Skiing
共有4个小项，4块金牌中，男子项目2块，女子项目2块
1 男子雪上技巧 Men's Moguls
2 男子空中技巧 Men's Aerials
3 女子雪上技巧 Ladies' Moguls
4 女子空中技巧 Ladies' Aerials
6 大项名称：冰球 Ice Hockey
包括男子、女子两个小项，Men's Ice Hockey/Women's Ice Hockey
比赛分预赛Prelim. Round，争位赛 Placement Round，
半决赛 Play-offs Semifinals，铜牌战Play-offs - Bronze Medal Game
和金牌战Play-offs - Gold Medal Game
男子比赛中另有四分之一决赛Play-offs Quarterfinals
7 大项名称：无舵雪橇 Luge
1 男子单人* Men's Singles Competition
2 女子单人* Men's Singles Competition
3 双人* Doubles' Competition
*男女的单人项目，比4次，轮次用Run表示，如男子单人无舵雪橇第3次， 就是Men's Singles Run 3
8 大项名称：北欧两项 Nordic Combined
北欧两项的两项，指越野滑雪（Cross Country Skiing)和跳台滑雪(Ski Jumping)
北欧两项共有3块金牌，都是男子项目，
分别是：
1 个人赛* Individual Gundersen，其中的两项具体为：
90米跳台滑雪NH Individual Gundersen和15公里越野滑雪Individual Gundersen 15km
2 团体赛** Team，其中的两项具体为：
90米跳台滑雪LH Team和越野滑雪4*5公里接力Team 4x5 km
3 个人竞速赛***Sprint，其中的两项具体为：
120米跳台滑雪LH Sprint和7.5公里越野滑雪Sprint 7.5 km
* 个人赛，又译“个人K90和15km”或“NH 个人赛”
** 团体赛，又译“团体K90和5km接力”或“LH 团体接力”
*** 个人竞速赛，又译“竞速K120和7.5km”或者“LH 个人短距离”
**** 本项目翻译不够统一，译名较多，在我国并未得到普及
9 大项名称：短道速滑 Short Track Speed Skating
共有8个小项，8块金牌中，男子项目 女子项目
1 男子500米 Men's 500 m
2 男子1000米 Men's 1000 m
3 男子1500米 Men's 1500 m
4 男子5000米接力 Men's 5000 m Relay
5 女子500米 Ladies' 500 m
6 女子1000米 Ladies' 1000 m
7 女子1500米 Ladies' 1500 m
8 女子3000米接力 Ladies' 3000 m Relay
比赛分预赛Heat、四分之一决赛Quarterfinal、半决赛Semifinal和决赛Final *
如，男子1500米预赛第四组，就是Men's 1500 m Heat 4
* 并非所有小项都有预赛
10 大项名称：俯式雪橇 Skeleton
共有男子、女子2个小项，决出2块金牌
Men's Skeleton/Women's Skeleton
比赛有2轮，轮次用Heat表示。
如男子比赛第一轮，叫Men's Heat 1
11 大项名称：跳台滑雪 Ski Jumping
共计3个小项，3块金牌均为男子项目
1 90米级个人赛* NH Individual Competition
2 120米级个人赛* LH Individual Competition
3 120米级团体赛** LH Team Competition
*个人赛比3轮，分别叫Qualification Round, 1st Round和Final Round
**团体赛比2轮，分别较1st Round和Final Round
12 大项名称：单板滑雪Snowboard
共计6个小项，6块金牌中，男子项目3块，女子项目3块
1 男子U型池* Men's Halfpipe
2 男子单板滑雪越野赛**Men's Snowboard Cross
3 男子平行大回转*** Men's Parallel Giant Slalom
4 女子U型池* Ladies' Halfpipe
5 女子单板滑雪越野赛** Ladies' Snowboard Cross
6 女子平行大回转*** Ladies' Parallel Giant Slalom
* U型池，东方卫视直译为“半管赛”
** 越野赛，网易翻译为“四人追逐赛”，虽然越野赛在1/4决赛之后，
是4人通常竞技，每场淘汰2人，但是预赛是每个人单独出场的，
翻译成“四人追逐赛”不够准确。
*** 平行大回转，网易翻译为“双人平行大回转”，这项比赛是两个人
通常竞技的项目（类似速度滑冰，但是第二轮比赛的时候两人并非
同时出场），并非双人项目。
13 大项名称：速度滑冰Speed Skating
共计包括12个小项，12块金牌中，男子项目6块，女子项目6块
男子500米* Men's 500 m
男子1000米 Men's 1000 m
男子1500米 Men's 1500 m
男子5000米 Men's 5000 m
男子10000米 Men's 10000 m
男子团体追逐赛** Men's Team Pursuit
女子500米* Ladies' 500 m
女子1000米 Ladies' 1000 m
女子1500米 Ladies' 1500 m
女子3000米 Ladies' 3000 m
女子5000米 Ladies' 5000 m
女子团体追逐赛** Ladies' Team Pursuit
* 500米比赛要赛2次，分别叫做第一次Race 1和第二次Race 2
** 团体追逐赛分预赛Preliminaries、四分之一决赛Quarterfinals
半决赛Semifinals和四组决赛Final D、Final C、Final B、Final A
14 大项名称：有舵雪橇Bobsled*
共计包括3个小项，3块金牌中，男子项目2块，女子项目1块
1 男子双人有舵雪橇** Two-Man Competition
2 男子四人有舵雪橇** Four-Man Competition
3 女子双人有舵雪橇** Women Competition
* 有舵雪橇，又译“雪车”
** 有舵雪橇的每个单项比赛都要赛4轮，轮次叫Heat，
如男子双人赛的第二轮，叫做Two-Man Heat 2
15 大项名称：高山滑雪 Alpine Skiing
共计有10个小项，决出金牌10枚，男女各5枚。
1 男子速降* Men's Downhill
2 男子全能** Men's Combined
3 男子超级大回转 Men's Super-G
4 男子大回转*** Men's Giant Slalom
5 男子回转*** Men's Slalom
6 女子速降* Ladies' Downhill
7 女子全能** Ladies' Combined
8 女子超级大回转 Ladies' Super-G
9 女子大回转*** Ladies's Giant Slalom
10 女子回转*** Ladies's Slalom
* 速降，又译“滑降”
** 全能比赛，只是速降和回转的两项全能，
需要比三轮，第一次比赛速降，英文叫做Combined Downhill
后两次比赛回转，英文分别叫做Combined Slalom 1st Run和Combined Slalom 2st Run
*** 大回转和回转比赛，都要赛两轮，1st Run和2nd Run
编辑/整理/注释：parabola
冰上项目5个大项：
速度滑冰 Speedskating
短道速滑 Short Track
花样滑冰 Figure Skating
冰球 Ice Hockey
冰壶 Curling
雪上项目10个大项：
冬季两项 Biathlon
越野滑雪 Cross Country
高山滑雪 Alpine Skiing
北欧两项 Nordic Combined
跳台滑雪 Ski Jumping
自由式滑雪 Freestyle Skiing
单板滑雪 Snowboarding
有舵雪橇 Bobsled*
俯式冰橇 Skeleton**
无舵雪橇 Luge
* 有舵雪橇，也有的翻译成“雪车”
** 俯式冰橇，也有的翻译成“钢架雪车”
1 大项名称：冬季两项（Biathlon）*
包括10个小项，10块金牌中，男子项目5块，女子项目5块
1 男子20公里个人赛 Men's 20 km Individual
2 男子10公里竞速赛** Men's 10 km Sprint
3 男子12.5公里追逐赛 Men's 12.5 km Pursuit
4 男子4x7.5公里接力 Men's 4x7.5 km Relay
5 男子15公里集体出发赛 Men's 15 km Mass Start
6 女子15公里个人赛 Women's 15 km Individual
7 女子7.5公里竞速赛** Women's 7.5 km Sprint
8 女子10公里追逐赛 Women's 10 km Pursuit
9 女子4x6公里接力 Women's 4x6 km Relay
10 女子12.5公里集体出发赛 Women's 12.5 km Mass Start
* 冬季两项中的两项，指越野滑雪和射击
** 竞速赛，又译“短距离”
2 大项名称：越野滑雪(Cross Country Skiing)
共计包括12个小项，12块金牌中，男子项目6块，女子项目6块
女子15公里（7.5+7.5）追逐赛 Ladies' 15 km Pursuit (7.5+7.5)
女子团体 Ladies' Team Sprint
女子古典式10公里* Ladies' 10 km Classical
女子4*5公里接力 Ladies' 4x5 km Relay
女子竞速赛** Ladies' Sprint
女子30公里自由式集体出发 Ladies' 30 km Free, Mass start
男子30公里（15+15）追逐赛 Men's 30 km Pursuit (15+15)
男子团体 Men's Team Sprint
男子古典式15公里* Men's 15 km Classical
男子4*10公里接力 Men's 4x10 km Relay
男子竞速赛** Men's Sprint
男子50公里自由式集体出发 Men's 50 km Free, Mass start
*古典式，又译“传统技术”
**竞速赛，又译“短距离”
3 大项名称：冰壶Curling
包括2个小项，2块金牌中，男子项目1块，女子项目1块。
男子、女子项目表示性别的词语用的是Men和Women
比赛第一阶段是循环赛，共计十二轮，叫做Round Robin，
轮次用Session一次。如男子循环赛第10轮叫Men's Round Robin, Session 10。
第二阶段是同分附加赛，叫 Tie-breaker，之后是半决赛 Semifinals，然后是铜牌战 Bronze Medal Game和金牌战 Gold Medal Game
4 大项名称：花样滑冰 Figure Skating
共计4个小项，4块金牌中，男子项目1块，女子项目1块，男女配对项目2块
1 双人滑 Pairs Figure Skating
比赛分2个阶段：短节目 Short Program 和 自由滑 Free Skating
2 男子单人滑 Men Figure Skating
比赛分2个阶段：短节目 Short Program 和 自由滑 Free Skating
3 冰上舞蹈 Ice Dancing
比赛分3个阶段：
规定舞 Compulsory Dance、创编舞 Original Dance 和 自由舞 Free Dance
4 女子单人滑 Ladies' Figure Skating
比赛分2个阶段：短节目 Short Program 和 自由滑 Free Skating
另外，奥会会比赛结束后，另有一场花样滑冰表演Exhibition Gala
5 大项名称：自由式滑雪 Freestyle Skiing
共有4个小项，4块金牌中，男子项目2块，女子项目2块
1 男子雪上技巧 Men's Moguls
2 男子空中技巧 Men's Aerials
3 女子雪上技巧 Ladies' Moguls
4 女子空中技巧 Ladies' Aerials
6 大项名称：冰球 Ice Hockey
包括男子、女子两个小项，Men's Ice Hockey/Women's Ice Hockey
比赛分预赛Prelim. Round，争位赛 Placement Round，
半决赛 Play-offs Semifinals，铜牌战Play-offs - Bronze Medal Game
和金牌战Play-offs - Gold Medal Game
男子比赛中另有四分之一决赛Play-offs Quarterfinals
7 大项名称：无舵雪橇 Luge
1 男子单人* Men's Singles Competition
2 女子单人* Men's Singles Competition
3 双人* Doubles' Competition
*男女的单人项目，比4次，轮次用Run表示，如男子单人无舵雪橇第3次， 就是Men's Singles Run 3
8 大项名称：北欧两项 Nordic Combined
北欧两项的两项，指越野滑雪（Cross Country Skiing)和跳台滑雪(Ski Jumping)
北欧两项共有3块金牌，都是男子项目，
分别是：
1 个人赛* Individual Gundersen，其中的两项具体为：
90米跳台滑雪NH Individual Gundersen和15公里越野滑雪Individual Gundersen 15km
2 团体赛** Team，其中的两项具体为：
90米跳台滑雪LH Team和越野滑雪4*5公里接力Team 4x5 km
3 个人竞速赛***Sprint，其中的两项具体为：
120米跳台滑雪LH Sprint和7.5公里越野滑雪Sprint 7.5 km
* 个人赛，又译“个人K90和15km”或“NH 个人赛”
** 团体赛，又译“团体K90和5km接力”或“LH 团体接力”
*** 个人竞速赛，又译“竞速K120和7.5km”或者“LH 个人短距离”
**** 本项目翻译不够统一，译名较多，在我国并未得到普及
9 大项名称：短道速滑 Short Track Speed Skating
共有8个小项，8块金牌中，男子项目 女子项目
1 男子500米 Men's 500 m
2 男子1000米 Men's 1000 m
3 男子1500米 Men's 1500 m
4 男子5000米接力 Men's 5000 m Relay
5 女子500米 Ladies' 500 m
6 女子1000米 Ladies' 1000 m
7 女子1500米 Ladies' 1500 m
8 女子3000米接力 Ladies' 3000 m Relay
比赛分预赛Heat、四分之一决赛Quarterfinal、半决赛Semifinal和决赛Final *
如，男子1500米预赛第四组，就是Men's 1500 m Heat 4
* 并非所有小项都有预赛
10 大项名称：俯式雪橇 Skeleton
共有男子、女子2个小项，决出2块金牌
Men's Skeleton/Women's Skeleton
比赛有2轮，轮次用Heat表示。
如男子比赛第一轮，叫Men's Heat 1
11 大项名称：跳台滑雪 Ski Jumping
共计3个小项，3块金牌均为男子项目
1 90米级个人赛* NH Individual Competition
2 120米级个人赛* LH Individual Competition
3 120米级团体赛** LH Team Competition
*个人赛比3轮，分别叫Qualification Round, 1st Round和Final Round
**团体赛比2轮，分别较1st Round和Final Round
12 大项名称：单板滑雪Snowboard
共计6个小项，6块金牌中，男子项目3块，女子项目3块
1 男子U型池* Men's Halfpipe
2 男子单板滑雪越野赛**Men's Snowboard Cross
3 男子平行大回转*** Men's Parallel Giant Slalom
4 女子U型池* Ladies' Halfpipe
5 女子单板滑雪越野赛** Ladies' Snowboard Cross
6 女子平行大回转*** Ladies' Parallel Giant Slalom
* U型池，东方卫视直译为“半管赛”
** 越野赛，网易翻译为“四人追逐赛”，虽然越野赛在1/4决赛之后，
是4人通常竞技，每场淘汰2人，但是预赛是每个人单独出场的，
翻译成“四人追逐赛”不够准确。
*** 平行大回转，网易翻译为“双人平行大回转”，这项比赛是两个人
通常竞技的项目（类似速度滑冰，但是第二轮比赛的时候两人并非
同时出场），并非双人项目。
13 大项名称：速度滑冰Speed Skating
共计包括12个小项，12块金牌中，男子项目6块，女子项目6块
男子500米* Men's 500 m
男子1000米 Men's 1000 m
男子1500米 Men's 1500 m
男子5000米 Men's 5000 m
男子10000米 Men's 10000 m
男子团体追逐赛** Men's Team Pursuit
女子500米* Ladies' 500 m
女子1000米 Ladies' 1000 m
女子1500米 Ladies' 1500 m
女子3000米 Ladies' 3000 m
女子5000米 Ladies' 5000 m
女子团体追逐赛** Ladies' Team Pursuit
* 500米比赛要赛2次，分别叫做第一次Race 1和第二次Race 2
** 团体追逐赛分预赛Preliminaries、四分之一决赛Quarterfinals
半决赛Semifinals和四组决赛Final D、Final C、Final B、Final A
14 大项名称：有舵雪橇Bobsled*
共计包括3个小项，3块金牌中，男子项目2块，女子项目1块
1 男子双人有舵雪橇** Two-Man Competition
2 男子四人有舵雪橇** Four-Man Competition
3 女子双人有舵雪橇** Women Competition
* 有舵雪橇，又译“雪车”
** 有舵雪橇的每个单项比赛都要赛4轮，轮次叫Heat，
如男子双人赛的第二轮，叫做Two-Man Heat 2
15 大项名称：高山滑雪 Alpine Skiing
共计有10个小项，决出金牌10枚，男女各5枚。
1 男子速降* Men's Downhill
2 男子全能** Men's Combined
3 男子超级大回转 Men's Super-G
4 男子大回转*** Men's Giant Slalom
5 男子回转*** Men's Slalom
6 女子速降* Ladies' Downhill
7 女子全能** Ladies' Combined
8 女子超级大回转 Ladies' Super-G
9 女子大回转*** Ladies's Giant Slalom
10 女子回转*** Ladies's Slalom
* 速降，又译“滑降”
** 全能比赛，只是速降和回转的两项全能，
需要比三轮，第一次比赛速降，英文叫做Combined Downhill
后两次比赛回转，英文分别叫做Combined Slalom 1st Run和Combined Slalom 2st Run
*** 大回转和回转比赛，都要赛两轮，1st Run和2nd Run
编辑/整理/注释：parabola
2006年1月5日星期四
人间禽流感终于传到东亚之外，世卫报告详细叙述土耳其禽流感
发信人: parabola (抛物线), 信区: square
标 题: 世卫报告：土耳其首次报告人感染禽流感病例（对译）
发信站: 一见如故 (Fri Jan 6 14:37:51 2006), 本站(yjrg.net)
Avian influenza – situation in Turkey
禽流感 - 土耳其疫情
5 January 2006
2006年1月5日
The Ministry of Health in Turkey has confirmed its first two cases of human infection with avian influenza caused by the H5 virus subtype. Both cases were fatal.
土耳其卫生部确认了该国第一例和第二例人感染H5亚型禽流感的病了。两个病人均已经死亡。
The first case was a 14-year-old boy from the rural district of Dogubayazit, in the eastern province of Agri, which borders the Islamic Republic of Iran and Armenia. He was hospitalized in Van Province on 1 January and died the same day. The second case was his 15-year-old sister, also hospitalized on 1 January. She died on 5 January.
第一个病例，是该国东部阿勒省下乡的多乌巴亚泽特地区一名14岁的男孩。阿勒省与伊朗伊斯兰共和国和亚美尼亚接壤。他于1月1日在凡省住院，并于当日死亡。第二个病例是他15岁的姐姐，也于1月1日住院，1月5日死亡。
Earlier this week, Turkish authorities had ruled out avian influenza in these cases based on preliminary test results from samples taken from the nose and throat. Subsequent tests of additional patient specimens taken from the lungs produced positive results. Patient samples were sent today to a WHO collaborating centre in the United Kingdom for further analysis. The samples have now arrived; results are expected within the next days.
本周早些时候，土耳其当局根据早期从患者鼻腔和咽喉的标本提取的样本进行的化验结果，排除了这些病例感染禽流感的可能。后来从患者肺部提取的样本检查结果呈阳性。今天，患者的样本已经送往英国的世界卫生组织合作中心进行进一步的分析。这些样本已经运抵，分析结果有望在几日内获得。
Turkish health authorities have informed WHO that, since 1 January, a total of 11 patients (including the two confirmed fatal cases) have been hospitalized in Van Province with symptoms suggesting infection with avian influenza. Most patients are children between the ages of six and fifteen years and all reside in the Dogubayazit district. Two of the children are siblings of the two confirmed cases.
土耳其卫生当局已经通知世界卫生组织，从1月1日起，该国凡省已有11名患者（包括2例死亡的确诊病例）出现症状，怀疑感染禽流感。多数患者是6到15岁的儿童，所有患者都来自多乌巴亚泽特地区。这些患者中，有2个孩子是确诊病例的兄弟姐妹。
Following a request by the Ministry of Health, an initial team of experts from WHO, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and the European Commission is travelling today to Turkey to collaborate with the authorities in their investigation of the situation.
根据该国卫生部的要求，一支由世界卫生组织，欧洲疾病预防与控制中心和欧盟委员会专家组成的小组今天前往土耳其，与当局合作调查该地区的疫情。
Initial information about the confirmed cases suggests that the children acquired their infection following close contact with chickens. Deaths of chickens are known to have occurred in the Dogubayazit district near the end of last year. Although no poultry outbreak has been officially reported in the district, a confirmed outbreak of H5N1 avian influenza in chickens and ducks was reported on 27 December in the adjacent province of Igdir.
关于确诊病例的初步信息表明，这些孩子是和鸡近距离接触后感染禽流感的。目前了解到多乌巴亚泽特地区在去年（2005年）年末的时候出现过病死鸡只。虽然当地没有报告该地区的家禽有禽流感疫情，但是12月27日，相邻的伊迪尔省报告有鸡鸭感然禽流感。
National authorities have informed WHO that Dogubayazit district has been placed under quarantine; no people or animals are allowed to move in or out of the district. Culling operations are currently under way.
该国当局已经通知世界卫生组织，多乌巴亚泽特地区已经被隔离，人和动物都不许离开该地区。当地已经开始进行排查工作。
The two Turkish cases mark the first confirmed reports of human infection with avian influenza outside East Asia. Since January 2004, a total of 142 human cases of H5N1 infection have been reported in Viet Nam, Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, and China. The cases in Turkey bring the number of affected countries to six, from which 144 cases have now been reported.
土耳其报道的2个病例，是东亚地区之外，首次报告人感染禽流感。从2004年1月起，
越南、泰国、柬埔寨、印度尼西亚和中国一共报告了142个人感染病例。加上土耳其的病例报告，目前共有6个国家，144人感染。
Turkey reported its first outbreak of H5N1 avian influenza in poultry in mid-October of last year. That outbreak, which occurred in the northwestern part of the country, was attributed to contact between domestic poultry and migratory waterfowl. The outbreak in Igdir and other suspected outbreaks in this part of the country are thought to have occurred following introduction of the virus by migratory birds. The region, which has several large lakes, is known to lie along migratory routes.
土耳其去年（2005年）10月中旬首次报告家禽禽流感疫情。那次疫情出现在该国的西北省份，传染是由于家禽和迁徙中的水禽接触造成的。伊迪尔省和该国其他地区报告的疫情或疑似感染是候鸟传播的。这个地区，有几个大型湖泊，位于候鸟的迁徙路径中。
标 题: 世卫报告：土耳其首次报告人感染禽流感病例（对译）
发信站: 一见如故 (Fri Jan 6 14:37:51 2006), 本站(yjrg.net)
Avian influenza – situation in Turkey
禽流感 - 土耳其疫情
5 January 2006
2006年1月5日
The Ministry of Health in Turkey has confirmed its first two cases of human infection with avian influenza caused by the H5 virus subtype. Both cases were fatal.
土耳其卫生部确认了该国第一例和第二例人感染H5亚型禽流感的病了。两个病人均已经死亡。
The first case was a 14-year-old boy from the rural district of Dogubayazit, in the eastern province of Agri, which borders the Islamic Republic of Iran and Armenia. He was hospitalized in Van Province on 1 January and died the same day. The second case was his 15-year-old sister, also hospitalized on 1 January. She died on 5 January.
第一个病例，是该国东部阿勒省下乡的多乌巴亚泽特地区一名14岁的男孩。阿勒省与伊朗伊斯兰共和国和亚美尼亚接壤。他于1月1日在凡省住院，并于当日死亡。第二个病例是他15岁的姐姐，也于1月1日住院，1月5日死亡。
Earlier this week, Turkish authorities had ruled out avian influenza in these cases based on preliminary test results from samples taken from the nose and throat. Subsequent tests of additional patient specimens taken from the lungs produced positive results. Patient samples were sent today to a WHO collaborating centre in the United Kingdom for further analysis. The samples have now arrived; results are expected within the next days.
本周早些时候，土耳其当局根据早期从患者鼻腔和咽喉的标本提取的样本进行的化验结果，排除了这些病例感染禽流感的可能。后来从患者肺部提取的样本检查结果呈阳性。今天，患者的样本已经送往英国的世界卫生组织合作中心进行进一步的分析。这些样本已经运抵，分析结果有望在几日内获得。
Turkish health authorities have informed WHO that, since 1 January, a total of 11 patients (including the two confirmed fatal cases) have been hospitalized in Van Province with symptoms suggesting infection with avian influenza. Most patients are children between the ages of six and fifteen years and all reside in the Dogubayazit district. Two of the children are siblings of the two confirmed cases.
土耳其卫生当局已经通知世界卫生组织，从1月1日起，该国凡省已有11名患者（包括2例死亡的确诊病例）出现症状，怀疑感染禽流感。多数患者是6到15岁的儿童，所有患者都来自多乌巴亚泽特地区。这些患者中，有2个孩子是确诊病例的兄弟姐妹。
Following a request by the Ministry of Health, an initial team of experts from WHO, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and the European Commission is travelling today to Turkey to collaborate with the authorities in their investigation of the situation.
根据该国卫生部的要求，一支由世界卫生组织，欧洲疾病预防与控制中心和欧盟委员会专家组成的小组今天前往土耳其，与当局合作调查该地区的疫情。
Initial information about the confirmed cases suggests that the children acquired their infection following close contact with chickens. Deaths of chickens are known to have occurred in the Dogubayazit district near the end of last year. Although no poultry outbreak has been officially reported in the district, a confirmed outbreak of H5N1 avian influenza in chickens and ducks was reported on 27 December in the adjacent province of Igdir.
关于确诊病例的初步信息表明，这些孩子是和鸡近距离接触后感染禽流感的。目前了解到多乌巴亚泽特地区在去年（2005年）年末的时候出现过病死鸡只。虽然当地没有报告该地区的家禽有禽流感疫情，但是12月27日，相邻的伊迪尔省报告有鸡鸭感然禽流感。
National authorities have informed WHO that Dogubayazit district has been placed under quarantine; no people or animals are allowed to move in or out of the district. Culling operations are currently under way.
该国当局已经通知世界卫生组织，多乌巴亚泽特地区已经被隔离，人和动物都不许离开该地区。当地已经开始进行排查工作。
The two Turkish cases mark the first confirmed reports of human infection with avian influenza outside East Asia. Since January 2004, a total of 142 human cases of H5N1 infection have been reported in Viet Nam, Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, and China. The cases in Turkey bring the number of affected countries to six, from which 144 cases have now been reported.
土耳其报道的2个病例，是东亚地区之外，首次报告人感染禽流感。从2004年1月起，
越南、泰国、柬埔寨、印度尼西亚和中国一共报告了142个人感染病例。加上土耳其的病例报告，目前共有6个国家，144人感染。
Turkey reported its first outbreak of H5N1 avian influenza in poultry in mid-October of last year. That outbreak, which occurred in the northwestern part of the country, was attributed to contact between domestic poultry and migratory waterfowl. The outbreak in Igdir and other suspected outbreaks in this part of the country are thought to have occurred following introduction of the virus by migratory birds. The region, which has several large lakes, is known to lie along migratory routes.
土耳其去年（2005年）10月中旬首次报告家禽禽流感疫情。那次疫情出现在该国的西北省份，传染是由于家禽和迁徙中的水禽接触造成的。伊迪尔省和该国其他地区报告的疫情或疑似感染是候鸟传播的。这个地区，有几个大型湖泊，位于候鸟的迁徙路径中。
2005年12月8日星期四
世卫组织禽流感报告-中国的情况-最新简报46（译）
Avian influenza – situation in China – update 46禽流感-中国的情况-最新简报467 December 20052005年12月7日The Ministry of Health in China has confirmed a further case of human infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus. The case is a 10-year-old girl from the southern province of Guangxi. She developed symptoms of fever and cough on 23 November, followed by pneumonia. She remains in hospital, where she is receiving care.中国卫生部又确诊了一例感染H5N1禽流感的病人。这个病例是南方省区广西的一名10岁小女孩。她于11月23日出现发烧、咳嗽的症状，随后出现肺炎症状。目前该病例仍旧在医院接受治疗。Local health authorities have launched investigations to determine the source of exposure and search for further cases in the patient’s village of residence and surrounding areas. To date, monitoring of health status has revealed no additional cases of influenza-like illness. The Chinese Ministry of Health is supporting this investigation with an expert team.当地卫生当局正在对该病例的感染源进行调查，并且在患者所在村庄及其周边地区寻找是否有其他病例。到目前为止，没有监测到类似流感症状的其他病例。 中国卫生部已经派出专家组协助调查。This is the fourth human case reported in China. Of these, two were fatal.这是中国报告的第四例人感染病例。这些病例中，已经有两例死亡。
2005年11月25日星期五
世卫报告翻译-禽流感：中国的情况-最新简报42
禽流感-中国的情况-最新简报42
2005年11月24日
中国卫生部又报告了一例人感染H5N1禽流感病毒的病例。这个病例已经死亡，是东南省份安徽的一名35岁农妇。她于11月11日发病，11月15日入院治疗，11月22日死亡。
这是中国报告的第三例实验室确诊的禽流感病例，是安徽省报告的第二例。中国报告的三个病例中，已有两人死亡。
中国卫生部已经邀请世界卫生组织到安徽省合作工作。这项工作将重新审视实验室的发现并调查当地报告两个病例的接触史。
从十月中旬以来，中国报告了多处家禽疫情。
Avian influenza – situation in China – update 42 24 November 2005 The Ministry of Health in China has confirmed a further case of human infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus. The case, which was fatal, occurred in a 35-year-old woman who worked as a farmer in the south-eastern province of Anhui. She developed symptoms on 11 November, was hospitalized on 15 November, and died on 22 November. This is the third laboratory-confirmed case reported in China and the second from Anhui Province. Of these cases, two have been fatal. The Chinese Ministry of Health has invited WHO to participate in a joint mission to Anhui Province. The mission will review laboratory findings and investigate the exposure histories of the two cases reported there. Since mid-October, China has reported a recurrence of poultry outbreaks in several parts of the country.
官方译文： 禽流感 - 中国的情况 - 最新简报 42 2005年11月24日 中国卫生部已确认另1例人感染H5N1禽流感病毒病例。该病例为致命性，患者为东南部安徽省一名35岁女农民。她于11月11日出现症状，11月15日住院，并于11月22日死亡。 这是中国报告的第3例和安徽省第2例实验室确诊病例。在这些病例中，有两人已死亡。 中国卫生部已邀请世卫组织参加联合小组前往安徽省。该小组将审查实验室结果和调查那里报告的两例接触史。 自10月中以来，中国已报告在该国若干地区反复发生禽类疫情。
2005年11月24日
中国卫生部又报告了一例人感染H5N1禽流感病毒的病例。这个病例已经死亡，是东南省份安徽的一名35岁农妇。她于11月11日发病，11月15日入院治疗，11月22日死亡。
这是中国报告的第三例实验室确诊的禽流感病例，是安徽省报告的第二例。中国报告的三个病例中，已有两人死亡。
中国卫生部已经邀请世界卫生组织到安徽省合作工作。这项工作将重新审视实验室的发现并调查当地报告两个病例的接触史。
从十月中旬以来，中国报告了多处家禽疫情。
Avian influenza – situation in China – update 42 24 November 2005 The Ministry of Health in China has confirmed a further case of human infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus. The case, which was fatal, occurred in a 35-year-old woman who worked as a farmer in the south-eastern province of Anhui. She developed symptoms on 11 November, was hospitalized on 15 November, and died on 22 November. This is the third laboratory-confirmed case reported in China and the second from Anhui Province. Of these cases, two have been fatal. The Chinese Ministry of Health has invited WHO to participate in a joint mission to Anhui Province. The mission will review laboratory findings and investigate the exposure histories of the two cases reported there. Since mid-October, China has reported a recurrence of poultry outbreaks in several parts of the country.
官方译文： 禽流感 - 中国的情况 - 最新简报 42 2005年11月24日 中国卫生部已确认另1例人感染H5N1禽流感病毒病例。该病例为致命性，患者为东南部安徽省一名35岁女农民。她于11月11日出现症状，11月15日住院，并于11月22日死亡。 这是中国报告的第3例和安徽省第2例实验室确诊病例。在这些病例中，有两人已死亡。 中国卫生部已邀请世卫组织参加联合小组前往安徽省。该小组将审查实验室结果和调查那里报告的两例接触史。 自10月中以来，中国已报告在该国若干地区反复发生禽类疫情。
2005年11月18日星期五
世卫报告翻译：禽流感——中国的情况——最新简报41
注：世界卫生组织有中文的疫情简报，但是比英文的要慢一天到几天不等。所以今天就先翻译出来了。
世卫组织：禽流感——中国的情况——最新简报41
中国卫生部首次确诊了该国2人感染了H5N1型禽流感。病例1是南方省份湖南的9岁男孩。他因呼吸道症状于10月17日住院治疗，现在已经完全康复，出院回家。病例2是东南省份安徽的24岁女性，在养鸡场工作。他于11月1日出现症状，11月7日由于严重的肺炎住院治疗，11月10日死亡。
经位于北京的中国疾病控制中心进行实验室检验，以上病例确诊为人感染H5N1型禽流感。
湖南省另有2例人类感染的可能病例正在进行调查。其中之一是确诊男孩12岁的姐姐。她与10月16日入院，后来由于严重的双侧肺炎和呼吸窘迫综合征死亡。该病例身上采集的样本不足，无法进行检测，因此她的病因可能永远无法确诊。虽然中国专家认为，已经有证据表明她感染了H5N1病毒，但是世界卫生组织只报告经过实验室确诊的病例。
另一个正在调查中的病例是36岁的教师。他于10月24日因肺炎入院。实验室检验的最终结果尚未获得。一支由世界卫生组织的病毒学专家和实验室检测专家组成的小组正在和中国专家一起，在湖南调查这两个病例。
过去几个月，中国家禽中的H5N1型禽流感疫情再次爆发，中国对人类感染的监控也随之加强。从10月19日起，中国一共在6个省份报告了11处动物禽流感疫情，从东北的辽宁省到最西部的新疆都有疫情报告。湖南和安徽——这两个有人类感染确诊病例报告的省份——都是动物感染的疫区。
（完）
附：世界卫生组织17日报告原文：禽流感——中国、印尼的情况，最新简报41
Avian influenza – situation in China, Indonesia – update 41
17 November 2005
China
The Ministry of Health in China has confirmed the country’s first two human cases of infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus. The first case is a 9-year-old boy from the southern province of Hunan. He was hospitalized with respiratory symptoms on 17 October and has since returned home, fully recovered.
The second case is a 24-year old woman who worked as a poultry farmer in the south-eastern province of Anhui. She developed symptoms on 1 November, was hospitalized with severe pneumonia on 7 November, and died on 10 November.
Testing was conducted by the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in Beijing.
An additional two possible human cases have been investigated in Hunan Province. The first is the boy’s 12-year-old sister. She was hospitalized on 16 October and died the following day of severe bilateral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Samples from the girl are inadequate for testing, and the cause of her death will probably never be known with certainty. Although evidence pointing to H5N1 infection is considered substantial by Chinese experts, WHO reports only laboratory-confirmed cases.
The additional case under investigation in Hunan is a 36-year-old schoolteacher. He was hospitalized with pneumonia on 24 October. Definitive test results are pending. A WHO team with expertise in virology and laboratory diagnosis has collaborated with national experts in the investigation of the cases in Hunan.
Surveillance for human cases in China intensified over the past month following a recurrence of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in poultry. Since 19 October, China has reported 11 fresh outbreaks of the disease in six provinces, from Liaoning in the northeast of the country to Xinjiang in the far west. Hunan and Anhui – the two provinces with confirmed cases – are among the recently affected provinces.
Indonesia
The Ministry of Health in Indonesia has today confirmed a further two cases of human infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus. Both cases were fatal.
The first newly confirmed case was a 16-year-old girl from Jakarta. She developed symptoms on 4 November, was hospitalized on 6 November, and died on 8 November.
The second case was a 20-year-old woman from Jakarta. She developed symptoms on 5 November, was hospitalized on 9 November, and died on 12 November.
Both cases were confirmed by a WHO reference laboratory in Hong Kong. Field investigations are under way.
The newly confirmed cases bring the total in Indonesia to 11. Of these, 7 have been fatal.
http://www.who.int/csr/don/2005_11_17/en/print.html
世卫组织：禽流感——中国的情况——最新简报41
中国卫生部首次确诊了该国2人感染了H5N1型禽流感。病例1是南方省份湖南的9岁男孩。他因呼吸道症状于10月17日住院治疗，现在已经完全康复，出院回家。病例2是东南省份安徽的24岁女性，在养鸡场工作。他于11月1日出现症状，11月7日由于严重的肺炎住院治疗，11月10日死亡。
经位于北京的中国疾病控制中心进行实验室检验，以上病例确诊为人感染H5N1型禽流感。
湖南省另有2例人类感染的可能病例正在进行调查。其中之一是确诊男孩12岁的姐姐。她与10月16日入院，后来由于严重的双侧肺炎和呼吸窘迫综合征死亡。该病例身上采集的样本不足，无法进行检测，因此她的病因可能永远无法确诊。虽然中国专家认为，已经有证据表明她感染了H5N1病毒，但是世界卫生组织只报告经过实验室确诊的病例。
另一个正在调查中的病例是36岁的教师。他于10月24日因肺炎入院。实验室检验的最终结果尚未获得。一支由世界卫生组织的病毒学专家和实验室检测专家组成的小组正在和中国专家一起，在湖南调查这两个病例。
过去几个月，中国家禽中的H5N1型禽流感疫情再次爆发，中国对人类感染的监控也随之加强。从10月19日起，中国一共在6个省份报告了11处动物禽流感疫情，从东北的辽宁省到最西部的新疆都有疫情报告。湖南和安徽——这两个有人类感染确诊病例报告的省份——都是动物感染的疫区。
（完）
附：世界卫生组织17日报告原文：禽流感——中国、印尼的情况，最新简报41
Avian influenza – situation in China, Indonesia – update 41
17 November 2005
China
The Ministry of Health in China has confirmed the country’s first two human cases of infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus. The first case is a 9-year-old boy from the southern province of Hunan. He was hospitalized with respiratory symptoms on 17 October and has since returned home, fully recovered.
The second case is a 24-year old woman who worked as a poultry farmer in the south-eastern province of Anhui. She developed symptoms on 1 November, was hospitalized with severe pneumonia on 7 November, and died on 10 November.
Testing was conducted by the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in Beijing.
An additional two possible human cases have been investigated in Hunan Province. The first is the boy’s 12-year-old sister. She was hospitalized on 16 October and died the following day of severe bilateral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Samples from the girl are inadequate for testing, and the cause of her death will probably never be known with certainty. Although evidence pointing to H5N1 infection is considered substantial by Chinese experts, WHO reports only laboratory-confirmed cases.
The additional case under investigation in Hunan is a 36-year-old schoolteacher. He was hospitalized with pneumonia on 24 October. Definitive test results are pending. A WHO team with expertise in virology and laboratory diagnosis has collaborated with national experts in the investigation of the cases in Hunan.
Surveillance for human cases in China intensified over the past month following a recurrence of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in poultry. Since 19 October, China has reported 11 fresh outbreaks of the disease in six provinces, from Liaoning in the northeast of the country to Xinjiang in the far west. Hunan and Anhui – the two provinces with confirmed cases – are among the recently affected provinces.
Indonesia
The Ministry of Health in Indonesia has today confirmed a further two cases of human infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus. Both cases were fatal.
The first newly confirmed case was a 16-year-old girl from Jakarta. She developed symptoms on 4 November, was hospitalized on 6 November, and died on 8 November.
The second case was a 20-year-old woman from Jakarta. She developed symptoms on 5 November, was hospitalized on 9 November, and died on 12 November.
Both cases were confirmed by a WHO reference laboratory in Hong Kong. Field investigations are under way.
The newly confirmed cases bring the total in Indonesia to 11. Of these, 7 have been fatal.
http://www.who.int/csr/don/2005_11_17/en/print.html
2005年6月28日星期二
词汇积累：强硬派
发信人: parabola (抛物线), 信区: Translation
标 题: 词汇积累：强硬派
发信站: 一见如故 BBS (Sun Jun 26 12:21:57 2005), 本站(yjrg.net)
hardline: 强硬派，强硬路线。
可以用作形容词，也可以分成两个词，解释为强硬路线。
例句：Iran elects hardline new leader.伊朗选举，强硬派当选。
--
最是那一低头的温柔，
象一朵水莲花不胜凉风的娇羞，
道一声珍重，道一声珍重，
那一声珍重里有蜜甜的忧愁——
沙扬娜拉！
※ 来源:．一见如故 BBS yjrg.net．[FROM: *.*.*.*]全文链接: http://yjrg.net/HTAGGAAAvHW/con?B=186&F=M.1119759717.A
标 题: 词汇积累：强硬派
发信站: 一见如故 BBS (Sun Jun 26 12:21:57 2005), 本站(yjrg.net)
hardline: 强硬派，强硬路线。
可以用作形容词，也可以分成两个词，解释为强硬路线。
例句：Iran elects hardline new leader.伊朗选举，强硬派当选。
--
最是那一低头的温柔，
象一朵水莲花不胜凉风的娇羞，
道一声珍重，道一声珍重，
那一声珍重里有蜜甜的忧愁——
沙扬娜拉！
※ 来源:．一见如故 BBS yjrg.net．[FROM: *.*.*.*]全文链接: http://yjrg.net/HTAGGAAAvHW/con?B=186&F=M.1119759717.A
2005年6月12日星期日
词汇积累：首次公开发行股票IPO
发信人: parabola (抛物线), 信区: Translation
标 题: 词汇积累：首次公开发行股票IPO
发信站: 一见如故 BBS (Tue Jun 7 21:26:04 2005), 本站(yjrg.net)
IPO就是initial public offerings(首次公开发行股票）
首次公开招股是指一家私人企业第一次将它的股份向公众出售。通常，上市公司的股份是根据向相应证券会出具的招股书或登记声明中约定的条款通过经纪商或做市商进行销售。一般来说，一旦首次公开上市完成后，这家公司就可以申请到证券交易所或报价系统挂牌交易。
另外一种获得在证券交易所或报价系统挂牌交易的可行方法是在招股书或登记声明中约定允许私人公司将它们的股份向公众销售。这些股份被认为是"自由交易" 的，从而使得这家企业达到在证券交易所或报价系统挂牌交易的要求条件。大多数证券交易所或报价系统对上市公司在拥有最少自由交易股票数量的股东人数方面有着硬性规定。
--
来时欢喜去时悲，
空在人世走一回。
不如不来也不去，
也无欢喜也无悲。
标 题: 词汇积累：首次公开发行股票IPO
发信站: 一见如故 BBS (Tue Jun 7 21:26:04 2005), 本站(yjrg.net)
IPO就是initial public offerings(首次公开发行股票）
首次公开招股是指一家私人企业第一次将它的股份向公众出售。通常，上市公司的股份是根据向相应证券会出具的招股书或登记声明中约定的条款通过经纪商或做市商进行销售。一般来说，一旦首次公开上市完成后，这家公司就可以申请到证券交易所或报价系统挂牌交易。
另外一种获得在证券交易所或报价系统挂牌交易的可行方法是在招股书或登记声明中约定允许私人公司将它们的股份向公众销售。这些股份被认为是"自由交易" 的，从而使得这家企业达到在证券交易所或报价系统挂牌交易的要求条件。大多数证券交易所或报价系统对上市公司在拥有最少自由交易股票数量的股东人数方面有着硬性规定。
--
来时欢喜去时悲，
空在人世走一回。
不如不来也不去，
也无欢喜也无悲。
词汇积累：ETF和LOF
发信人: parabola (抛物线), 信区: Translation
标 题: 词汇积累：ETF和LOF
发信站: 一见如故 BBS (Mon Jun 6 17:44:34 2005), 本站(yjrg.net)
今天的词汇是中国股市的两个缩写。
ETF=Exchange Traded Funds，交易型开放式指数基金。
含义：ETF，交易型开放式指数基金，是Exchange Traded Funds的英文缩写。它是以被动的方式管理、同时又可在交易所挂牌交易的开放式基金。对ETF基金份额，投资者可以像封闭式基金一样在交易所二级市场进行方便的交易。另外，它又可以像开放式基金一样申购、赎回。不同的是，它的申购是用一揽子股票换取ETF份额，赎回时也是换回一揽子股票而不是现金。这种交易制度使该类基金存在一二级市场之间的套利机制，可有效防止类似封闭式基金的大幅折价。ETF交易价格取决于它拥有的一揽子股票的价值，即“单位基金资产净值”。目前上交所有上证50ETF。
LOF=Listed Open-Ended Fund 上市开放式基金
含义：英文全称是“Listed Open-Ended Fund”，汉语称为“上市开放式基金”，也就是上市开放式基金发行结束后，投资者既可以在指定网点申购与赎回基金份额，也可以在交易所买卖该基金。不过投资者如果是在指定网点申购的基金份额，想要上网抛出，须办理一定的转托管手续；同样，如果是在交易所网上买进的基金份额，想要在指定网点赎回，也要办理一定的转托管手续。目前，深交所有LOF上市。
标 题: 词汇积累：ETF和LOF
发信站: 一见如故 BBS (Mon Jun 6 17:44:34 2005), 本站(yjrg.net)
今天的词汇是中国股市的两个缩写。
ETF=Exchange Traded Funds，交易型开放式指数基金。
含义：ETF，交易型开放式指数基金，是Exchange Traded Funds的英文缩写。它是以被动的方式管理、同时又可在交易所挂牌交易的开放式基金。对ETF基金份额，投资者可以像封闭式基金一样在交易所二级市场进行方便的交易。另外，它又可以像开放式基金一样申购、赎回。不同的是，它的申购是用一揽子股票换取ETF份额，赎回时也是换回一揽子股票而不是现金。这种交易制度使该类基金存在一二级市场之间的套利机制，可有效防止类似封闭式基金的大幅折价。ETF交易价格取决于它拥有的一揽子股票的价值，即“单位基金资产净值”。目前上交所有上证50ETF。
LOF=Listed Open-Ended Fund 上市开放式基金
含义：英文全称是“Listed Open-Ended Fund”，汉语称为“上市开放式基金”，也就是上市开放式基金发行结束后，投资者既可以在指定网点申购与赎回基金份额，也可以在交易所买卖该基金。不过投资者如果是在指定网点申购的基金份额，想要上网抛出，须办理一定的转托管手续；同样，如果是在交易所网上买进的基金份额，想要在指定网点赎回，也要办理一定的转托管手续。目前，深交所有LOF上市。
词汇积累：最终用户许可协议
发信人: parabola (抛物线), 信区: Translation
标 题: 词汇积累：最终用户许可协议
发信站: 一见如故 BBS (Sun Jun 5 18:51:47 2005), 本站(yjrg.net)
最终用户许可协议：通常使用缩写EULA，全称为End User License Agreement
安装软件的时候，通常让你选择是否接受的协议，英语就是EULA了。
--
来时欢喜去时悲，
空在人世走一回。
不如不来也不去，
也无欢喜也无悲。
标 题: 词汇积累：最终用户许可协议
发信站: 一见如故 BBS (Sun Jun 5 18:51:47 2005), 本站(yjrg.net)
最终用户许可协议：通常使用缩写EULA，全称为End User License Agreement
安装软件的时候，通常让你选择是否接受的协议，英语就是EULA了。
--
来时欢喜去时悲，
空在人世走一回。
不如不来也不去，
也无欢喜也无悲。
词汇积累：腾格里沙漠/全民公决
referendum [名词] 全民公决，公民投票例句:
-- Dutch Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende has conceded defeat in the nation's referendum on the new EU charter.(北京时间2005年6月2日5:39,CNN国际快讯)荷兰首相巴尔克嫩德承认，该国的全民公决否决了欧盟宪法草案
Tengger Desert [地名] 腾格里沙漠
例句：（学术论文标题）http://www.chineseplantscience.com/article_read.asp?id=10892
腾格里沙漠晚更新世孢粉植物群与气候环境演变
On the Evolution of the Palynoflora and Climatic Environment During LatePleistocence in Tengger Desert, China
作者：马玉贞 张虎才 李吉均 Pachur H J Wünnemann B
词汇积累：消费者信心指数
发信人: parabola (抛物线), 信区: Translation
标 题: 词汇积累：消费者信心指数
发信站: 一见如故 BBS (Wed Jun 1 09:28:58 2005), 本站(yjrg.net)
Consumer confidence index 消费者信心指数
例句：
-- Consumer confidence index rises to 102.2 in May.
五月，消费者信心指数上升至102.2点
--
." ` ".
.-./ _=_ \.-.
{ (,(oYo),) }}
{{ " } }
{ { \(---)/ }}
{{ }'-=-'{ } }
词汇积累：出口民调/投票后民调
发信人: parabola (抛物线), 信区: Translation
标 题: 词汇积累：出口民调/投票后民调
发信站: 一见如故 BBS (Mon May 30 19:04:19 2005), 本站(yjrg.net)
exit poll 出口民调、投票后民调、投票站民意调查
含义：投票后，在投票站出口进行的民意调查，通常用来推测最终的投票结果。
例：Projections based on exit polls indicate that France has rejected the EUconstitution. 根据出口民调预测，法国否决了欧盟宪法。
----
."`".
.-./ _=_ \.-.
{ (,(oYo),) }}
{{ " } }
{ { \(---)/ }}
{{ }'-=-'{ } }
※ 修改:．parabola 于 May 30 19:09:54 修改本文．[FROM: 221.200.7.9]
标 题: 词汇积累：出口民调/投票后民调
发信站: 一见如故 BBS (Mon May 30 19:04:19 2005), 本站(yjrg.net)
exit poll 出口民调、投票后民调、投票站民意调查
含义：投票后，在投票站出口进行的民意调查，通常用来推测最终的投票结果。
例：Projections based on exit polls indicate that France has rejected the EUconstitution. 根据出口民调预测，法国否决了欧盟宪法。
----
."`".
.-./ _=_ \.-.
{ (,(oYo),) }}
{{ " } }
{ { \(---)/ }}
{{ }'-=-'{ } }
※ 修改:．parabola 于 May 30 19:09:54 修改本文．[FROM: 221.200.7.9]
词汇积累：鼠标垫
发信人: parabola (抛物线), 信区: Translation
标 题: 词汇积累：鼠标垫
发信站: 一见如故 BBS (Tue May 31 14:36:47 2005), 本站(yjrg.net)
mouse pad: 鼠标垫
例句：People often ask me which mouse pad I would recommend using for LANparties.
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parabola 发表于 >2005-6-12 15:25:46
2005年1月20日星期四
“汉城”改“首尔”？别太把自己当回事
有朋友说，韩国人有个缺点，就是太以自我为中心，想抹平一切中华文化的痕迹。
这两天，新华也不乏相关的报道：《汉城市长宣布：汉城中文名称将改为"首尔"》，但是我也注意到了另一条消息： 《我外交部尚未答应要求》。
韩国人不可谓不引经据典：把什么"伦敦""巴黎""莫斯科"的中文音译都列了出来，貌似很权威，但是别忘了，中国人还把San Francisco翻译成"旧金山"，把Vladivostok说成"海参崴"，把Philadelphia叫做"费城"，不使用音译的例子多了去了。
一般的民族国家更改地名的外文拼写，主要都是更改英文的拼写，比如解放后推广汉语拼音，把绝大多数中国地名的英文形式确定成汉语拼音拼写，Beijing取代了Peking。但是汉城这个习惯不加汉字的韩国城市自己加了个汉字名称，还"要求中国接受"，就不得不给人一种韩国人在干涉中国内政的嫌疑。
其实即便韩国的首都自己标注了韩文汉字"首尔"，我们一样可以不这么叫，继续说我们的汉城：日本的横浜，我们是不是翻译成"横滨"啊？（虽然日本语的"浜"就是我们的"滨"字的简化，可是汉语却是有"浜"字不是！按照韩国人的逻辑，我们是不是也得称呼"横浜"了？）
而这次韩国的做法貌似并非加注韩文汉字，而是用外语——中文，简体中文给自己的首都规定了一个译文——新华网上的照片让我们有了这个怀疑：照片上背景中的汉字都是中国大陆使用的简化字，而非韩文的繁体汉字。这就更加让我们难以接受这个"改名"了，外交部没有立即接受这个译文，韩国是不是会觉得很没面子啊？
另外，不久前有个汉语音译改了不久又改回去的例子，那就是柬埔寨首相洪森的名字。他一度把自己的中文名字改成了"云升"。可能洪森首相后来发现中国不少花圈店叫云升，也可能是他觉察到了改名才会真正给人带去不方便，所以不得不很快把名字又改了回去。
后过头，继续看汉城改名，主要还是因为韩国人狭隘的民族主义思想作祟。韩国一度取消汉字，后来不得不在很小的范围内恢复使用。这次他们从来不用汉字标注的首都取了中文名字，归根结底，还是想摆脱千百年来中华文化对他们的影响。但是这样的影响，绝对不是改了首都的中文名字就能消除的。
一言以蔽之，韩国人太把自己当回事了，自己管不了的事情，就不要胡闹了，即便我们的外交部某一天接受了这个译文，也只不过是给韩国个面子罢了。
这两天，新华也不乏相关的报道：《汉城市长宣布：汉城中文名称将改为"首尔"》，但是我也注意到了另一条消息： 《我外交部尚未答应要求》。
韩国人不可谓不引经据典：把什么"伦敦""巴黎""莫斯科"的中文音译都列了出来，貌似很权威，但是别忘了，中国人还把San Francisco翻译成"旧金山"，把Vladivostok说成"海参崴"，把Philadelphia叫做"费城"，不使用音译的例子多了去了。
一般的民族国家更改地名的外文拼写，主要都是更改英文的拼写，比如解放后推广汉语拼音，把绝大多数中国地名的英文形式确定成汉语拼音拼写，Beijing取代了Peking。但是汉城这个习惯不加汉字的韩国城市自己加了个汉字名称，还"要求中国接受"，就不得不给人一种韩国人在干涉中国内政的嫌疑。
其实即便韩国的首都自己标注了韩文汉字"首尔"，我们一样可以不这么叫，继续说我们的汉城：日本的横浜，我们是不是翻译成"横滨"啊？（虽然日本语的"浜"就是我们的"滨"字的简化，可是汉语却是有"浜"字不是！按照韩国人的逻辑，我们是不是也得称呼"横浜"了？）
而这次韩国的做法貌似并非加注韩文汉字，而是用外语——中文，简体中文给自己的首都规定了一个译文——新华网上的照片让我们有了这个怀疑：照片上背景中的汉字都是中国大陆使用的简化字，而非韩文的繁体汉字。这就更加让我们难以接受这个"改名"了，外交部没有立即接受这个译文，韩国是不是会觉得很没面子啊？
另外，不久前有个汉语音译改了不久又改回去的例子，那就是柬埔寨首相洪森的名字。他一度把自己的中文名字改成了"云升"。可能洪森首相后来发现中国不少花圈店叫云升，也可能是他觉察到了改名才会真正给人带去不方便，所以不得不很快把名字又改了回去。
后过头，继续看汉城改名，主要还是因为韩国人狭隘的民族主义思想作祟。韩国一度取消汉字，后来不得不在很小的范围内恢复使用。这次他们从来不用汉字标注的首都取了中文名字，归根结底，还是想摆脱千百年来中华文化对他们的影响。但是这样的影响，绝对不是改了首都的中文名字就能消除的。
一言以蔽之，韩国人太把自己当回事了，自己管不了的事情，就不要胡闹了，即便我们的外交部某一天接受了这个译文，也只不过是给韩国个面子罢了。
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